٤ خ ا زشث ٤ خ / عب ؼخ شثالء

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "٤ خ ا زشث ٤ خ / عب ؼخ شثالء"

Transcription

1 Effect of Aqueous Extracts and Alcohol of Turmeric, Thyme and Cardamom in Fungus Growth Aspergillus flavus and Production Efficiency of Aflatoxin B1 and B رأثير ان سزخهظبد ان بئيخ انكح نيخ نهكركى انسعزر ان يم في انفطر * B كفبءح إ زبخ نسى االفال B 1 Aspergillus flavus ػو ٤ ػجذ ؼ خ ٤ خ ا زشث ٤ خ عب ؼخ شثالء ثب ؽ ؾ ذ 119 ان سزخهض أعش ٣ ذ رغبسة خزجش ٣ ك ٢ خزجش ا ذساعبد ا ؼ ٤ ب ث ٤ خ ا زشث ٤ خ هغ ػ ا ؾ ٤ بح عب ؼخ شثالء. ذساعخ هبث ٤ خ ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ا بئ ٤ خ ا ؾ ٤ خ ا غللخ ا جبربد ا ش Curcuma longa ا ضػزش Thymus vulgaris ا ٤ Elettaria cardamomum ك ٢ ا لطش Aspergillus flavus ا زبعخ ع االكال. B B 1 اعزؼ ذ ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ش Curcuma longa ا ضػزش Thymus vulgaris ا ٤ Elettaria cardamomum ث ػ ٤ ب ا بئ ٢ ا ؾ ٢ ثزشا ٤ ض )5 15 ( 1 ذساعخ رأص ٤ ش ب ك ٢ ا لطش A.flavus ك ٢ ا عؾ ا ضسػ ٢ آ بس د غزش ص ا جطبؽب )PDA( Potato Dextrose Agar ا ؾب ١ ػ ٠ ز ا غزخ ظبد ك عذ ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ش ا ضػزش رضجؾ ا لطش ث غجخ % 1 ػ ذ ع ٤ غ ا زشا ٤ ض ب ػذا ا زش ٤ ض 5 ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ضػزش أظ ش ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ جبربد ع ٤ ؼ ب رل هب ػ ٠ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ك ٢ رضج ٤ ؾ ا لطش هذ رغججذ ا غزخ ظبد ا ضجطخ غ ر ٣ االث اؽ إر ظ شد ثش ػض خ ط ٤ شح ث ٤ ؼبء. أظ شد ؼب خ ا لطش ثزش ٤ ض غزخ ض ا ش ا ؾ ٢ ا ضػزش ا بئ ٢ ك ٢ ا ؼذا ظ س ع االكال. B B 1 ز ي ث ٤ ذ ا زبئظ إ ؼب خ ا لطش ثزش ٤ ض 1 15 غزخ ض ا ش ا بئ ٢ ا ضػزش ا ؾ ٢ ٣ ظ ش ع االكال B B 1 ك ٢ ؽ ٤ اظ ش ا زش ٤ ض 5 ع د ع االكال B 1 ال ا غزخ ظ ٤. أ ب ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ا ؾ ٢ ٤ كوذ غ ظ س ع االكال B B 1 ػ ذ رش ٤ ض 15 ا زش ٤ ض 1 كوذ ظ ش ك ٤ ع االكال B 1 ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ظ ش ع االكال B B 1 ػ ذ رش ٤ ض 5 غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ظ ش ا ع B 1 غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ػ ذ لظ ا زش ٤ ض. ث ٤ ذ ا زبئظ ثبعزؼ ب ػذح اشق ٤ ٤ بئ ٤ خ إر أ ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ا ؤصشح ؽب ٣ خ ػ ٠ ا ؼذ ٣ ذ ا ش جبد ا لؼب خ اد ؽبكظخ كوذ اؽز ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ضػزشػ ٠ ع ٤ غ ا ش جبد ا ز ٢ ر شد ب ػذا ا ظبث ٤ بد أ ب ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ضػزش ك ٣ ؾز ١ ػ ٠ ا ظبث ٤ بد ا شار غبد ا لالك ٤ ذاد ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ا ؾ ٢ ٣ ؾز ٣ ب ٤ ػ ٠ ا شار غبد ا لالك ٤ ذاد ا ل ٤ الد ا ل ٤ ٤ بس ٣ بد ا زشا ٣ ز ٤ شث ٣ ٤ ذ ز ي ػذ ع د ا و ٣ ذاد ك ٢ ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ٤ ال ا ظبث ٤ بد ك ٢ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ٤ اؽز ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ش ػ ٠ ا ال ٣ ع ٤ ذاد ا شار غبد ا شث ٤ ذساد ا ل ٤ الد ا ؼذ ع د ا و ٣ ذاد ا زب ٤ بد ا شار غبد ا لالك ٤ ذاد ا ل ٤ ٤ بس ٣ بد ا زشا ٣ ز ٤ شث ٣ ٤ ذ ك ٢ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ش. Abstract Laboratory experiments were carried out in the postgraduate laboratories, Biology Department College of Education Kerbala University.Studying the viability extracts of plant; aqueous and alcohol of the dried plants turmeric Curcuma longa, thyme Thymus vulgaris and cardamom Elettaria cardamomum in fungus grown Aspergillus flavus and production aflatoxin B 1 and B. Plant extracts had been used at concentrations (5, 1 and 15) mg ml to study its impact on the growth of fungus A.flavus in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing these extracts, so it was found that, extracted alcohol of turmeric, thyme inhibit mold growth completely at all concentrations, except the concentration 5 mg ml of alcohol extract of thyme, and alcoholic extracts of plants superior to the aqueous extract in inhibiting the growth of fungus, extracts inhibitory caused preventing the formation of spores as it appeared in a small white isolate. The fungus grown with concentrations of 5, 1 and 15 mg ml of alcoholic extract of turmeric and aqueous of thyme showed the disappearance of aflatoxin B 1 and B. as well as, results showed that the treatment of fungus concentration of 15 and 1 mg ml of aqueous

2 extract of turmeric and alcohol of thyme did not show aflatoxin B 1 and B, while the concentration 5 mg ml showed the presence of aflatoxin B 1 for both extracts. The aqueous extract and alcohol of the cardamom prevented the appearance of aflatoxin B 1 and B at a concentration of 15 mg ml, and concentration 1 mg ml showed aflatoxin B 1, while the aflatoxin B 1 and B appeared at a concentration of 5 mg ml of the aqueous extract and the type B 1 of alcohol extract appeared with the same concentration. Results showed that using several chemicals reagents as effective plant extracts contained many of the active compounds as preservatives, thyme alcohol extract contained all compounds that were previously mentioned except saponins, while the aqueous extract of thyme did not contain saponins, resins and flavonoids, while aqueous and alcohol extraction of the cardamom did not contain resins, flavonoids, phenols, fuocoumarins and triterpenoids, as well as the absence of alkaloids in the alcohol extract to the cardamom and saponins in the aqueous extract of the cardamom, and contained extract alcohol of turmeric on glycosides, resins, carbohydrates, phenols, and the disappearance of the alkaloids and tannins, resins and flavonoids and fuocoumarins and triterpenoids in the aqueous extract of turmeric. ان قذيخ Introduction ر ي األػشبة ا ز اث رأس ٣ خ ؽ ٣ ك ٢ االعزخذا بد ا ؼالع ٤ خ إل غب إر عذد ا ؼذ ٣ ذ ا ظ ص ا وذ ٣ خ ا ز ٢ رش ٤ ش إ ٠ اعزخذا ب ك ٢ ا ؾؼبساد ا جبث ٤ خ ا غ ش ٣ خ ا ظش ٣ خ [1]. هذ هذسد ثؾ ا ٢ (5 5) ع جبر ٢ ع د ػ ٠ عطؼ األسع رغزخذ غجخ ه ٤ خ ر ي ا جبربد ثوذس (1 1) % زاء إل غب ا ؾ ٤ ا ا ز ٢ هذ ر ز ي ثؼغ ا خظبئض ا ؼالع ٤ خ ا ز ٢ رؼض إ ٠ اؽز ائ ب ا ؼذ ٣ ذ ا بد ا لؼب خ ؽ ٣ ٤ ب ض ا بسث ٤ ذساد Carbohydrates ا جش ر ٤ بد Proteins األ ض ٣ بد Enzymes ا ذ Fats ا ض ٣ د Oils ا ؼبد Minerals ا ل ٤ زب ٤ بد Vitamins ا و ٣ بد Alkaloids ا ز ٤ شث ٣ ٤ ذاد Terpenoids ا لال ٣ ل ٣ ذاد Flavonoids ا ٣ بد Quinines ا بس ر ٤ بد Simple phenolic glycosides ا ال ع ٤ ذاد ا ؾ ا غ ا ل ٤ ٤ خ ا جغ ٤ طخ Sterols ا غز ٤ ش الد Carotenoids ا زب ٤ بد Tannins ا ظبث ٤ بد Saponins ا ل ٤ الد ا زؼذدح [] Polyphenols. ٣ ؼذ ع االكال Aflatoxin ا زظ ثش ارظ ا ٣ ؼ ٤ خ صب ٣ خ ث اعطخ ثؼغ األ اع ا زبثؼخ غ ظ Aspergillus ض.A nomius.a parasiticus.a flavus اؽذ أ ا غ ا لطش ٣ خ ا ز ١ ٣ ظ ش ك ٢ ا اد ا زائ ٤ خ أ أ اػ ع االكال : 1.[3] G G 1 B B هذ أعش ٣ ذ ا ؼذ ٣ ذ ا ذساعبد ج ٤ ب كؼب ٤ خ ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ا ش جبد ا لؼب خ ارغب كطش A.flavus ع االكال ب دساعخ[ 4 ] كوذ عذ أ غزخ ض ا ؾجخ ا غ داء Nigella sativa ا وبث ٤ خ ػ ٠ رضج ٤ ؾ ع االكال ع B B 1 ك ٢ ا عؾ أ ضسػ ٢ ا غبئ و ٤ غ ا خب خ ا ظ ت أ ب ص ٣ د ا ؾجخ ا غ داء كضجطذ B 1 A.flavus رش ٤ ض % 5 لطش Gػ ذ 1 G G 1 B ػ ذ رش ٤ ض % 3 ك ٢ ؽ ٤ غؾ م ؽج ة ا و ح ٣ ضجؾ G G 1 B 1 ػ ذ رش ٤ ض % 6 بكبئ ٤ ا وذسح ػ ٠ رضج ٤ ؾ G G 1 ػ ذ رش ٤ ض %. ش ت ا لؼب Methyleugenol ا وذسح ػ ٠ رضج ٤ ؾ ا لطش A.flavus ث غجخ % 1 ػ ٠ ا عؾ PDA ػ ذ رشا ٤ ض خز لخ (5.1)%,.5,,1 [5]. ك ٢ ؽ ٤ عذ [6] إ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ أل سام ا جظ Allium cepa ػ ذ رش ٤ ض 3 شا ا عؾ ٣ ضجؾ ا ص ا غبف لطش.A flavus ث غجخ.3 شا عؾ ا ضاثي Czepek s medium إ ب ع االكال كوذ صجؾ ث غجخ ب ٣ ش ؿشا ا عؾ لغ عذ [7] إ جبد ا ب خخ Trachyspermum ammi ا وذسح ػ ٠ اخزضا ع االكال G G 1 B B 1 ث غجخ % 8. ثبإلػبكخ إ ٠ ثؼغ أ اع ا ز اث ا ز ٢ رغزخذ اد ؽبكظخ ألؽؼ خ ػذ ا لطش ٣ بد ا زغخ غ األكال ض ا ذاس ط ٢ ٤ Cinnamomum cassia ا وش ل Syzygium aromaticum ا ل ل Piper ث ٤ ب ا خشد Brassica ا ض غج ٤ Zingiber officinale كأ ب رشغغ ا لطش ٣ بد ا زظ غ االكال [5] [8]. ز ص هذ ٣ اعزؼ ذ غزخ ظبد ا ش ك ٢ ػالط أ شاع ا غ ذ ا جذ ا وشؽخ ز ي اعزؼ ؼالط ا طل ٤ ٤ بد ا ؼ ٣ خ ع األكبػ ٢ آ زاى [9] خال ا ذساعبد ا جؾ س ا ؼ ٤ خ كوذ أشبس[ 1 ] أ جبد ا ش ٣ ؼذ ؼبد ال ز بثبد األ غذح ا غشؽب ا طلشح ا زخضش ا خظ ثخ شع ا غ ش ١ ا ج زش ٣ ب ا لطش ٣ بد ا ل ٤ ش عبد االثزذائ ٤ بد ا غ ا وشؽخ. كوذ عذ [11] أ ش ت ا لؼب Curcumin ا عذ ك ٢ جبد ا ش ا وذسح ػ ٠ رضج ٤ ؾ ا لطش. Candida albicans ب اعزخذ Curcumin ك ٢ ػالط أ شاع األ ؼبء ض عشؽب ا و [1]. ٣ ؼذ جبد ا ضػزش ا جبربد ا ز ٢ شبع اعزخذا ب ك ٢ هذ ج ش ا وش ا عط ٠ ك ٢ ا ؼذ ٣ ذ ا ذ ثغجت ا زال ا خظبئض ا خ زاء ز ي ك ٢ األؿشاع ا طج ٤ خ [13]. كوذ ر ش [14] ثأ جبد ا ضػزش ٣ ز ي ا لؼب ٤ خ ا ج ٤ ع ٤ خ ػذ ا ج زش ٣ ب ا لطش ٣ بد ب غ زأ غذ ٣ ؼ وشغ غ ألأل ا زش غبد. ض ٣ د ا ضػزش ا وبث ٤ خ ػ ٠ رضج ٤ ؾ ا لطش ٣ بد Helminthosporium Spp Fusarium oxysporum Macrofomina phaseolina Rhizoctonia solani. [15] Diplodia Spp Alternaria alternate 1

3 ا جبد ا ٤ ا ز اث ا ز ٢ شبع اعزخذا ب ز ا وذ ك ٢ ع ٤ غ أ ؾبء ا ؼب [16]. هذ ر ش[ 17 ] أ جبد ا ٤ ا ؼذ ٣ ذ األؿشاع ب بد زاء ك ٢ ا ؼالعبد ا طج ٤ خ ض ػالط أ شاع ا و بح ا ؼ ٤ خ ا و ت ا ٠ ا شث ا ؼؼق ع ء ا زز ٣ خ ك ٢ ر ط ٤ ق سائؾخ ا ل. أ ض ٣ د ا ط ٤ بسح ك ٢ جبد ا ٤ ب ا وبث ٤ خ ػ ٠ رضج ٤ ؾ ا لطش ٤٣ Colletotrichum ا غزخ ض اال ٣ ضب ٢ أل سام ا ٤ ب ا وبث ٤ خ ػ ٠ رضج ٤ ؾ ا لطش [18] A.niger.A fumigatus gloeosporioides ا ضش ب ػ ٤ خ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ [19]. ظشا أل ٤ خ االهزظبد ٣ خ اد ا زائ ٤ خ ر بع ب ا جبشش ثؾ ٤ بح اإل غب ب رش ا زاء ا شئ ٤ غ ٢ إ ب ٤ خ إؽذاص ب رأص ٤ شاد ػبسح ثب ظؾخ برغخ ػ ر ص ب ثب لطش Aspergillus flavus إكشاص غ االكال زا ذكذ ا ذساعخ إ ٠ ؼشكخ رأص ٤ ش ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ا بئ ٤ خ ا ؾ ٤ خ ا غللخ ا جبربد ا ش Curcuma longa ا ضػزش Thymus vulgaris ا ٤ Elettaria cardamomum ػ ٠ ؼذ ا لطش A. flavus إ زبط ع االكال. B B 1 ان اد طرائق انع م Materials and Methods ر ا ؾظ ػ ٠ ػض خ ا لطش Aspergillus flavus AFZ 3 ا زغخ غ االكال B B 1 خزجش ا ذساعبد ا ؼ ٤ ب هغ ػ ا ؾ ٤ بح ٤ خ ا زشث ٤ خ عب ؼخ شثالء. ز ٤ غخ زغبسة عبثوخ لظ ا جبؽض ٤ ر ا زأ ذ ر ي ثبعزخالص ع االكال B 1 B ثئرجبع ؽش ٣ وخ [] شق ػ ثئرجبع ؽش ٣ وخ [1]. خ ع انعي بد ان جبريخ رشخيظ ب ر ع غ ا ؼ ٤ بد ا جبر ٤ خ ا غزؼ خ ك ٢ ز ا ذساعخ شع اخزجبس كبػ ٤ خ غزخ ظبر ب ا بئ ٤ خ ا ؾ ٤ خ ػذ ا لطش A.flavus ع االكال B B 1 ر ي ثششائ ب األع ام ا ؾ ٤ خ ص ع جذ إ ٠ ا خزجش ر ر ظ ٤ ق ا جبربد األرشثخ ا ش ائت ؽلظذ ع ٤ ؼ ب ك ٢ أ ٤ بط سه ٤ خ ؾ ٤ االعزخالص. شخظذ ا ؼ ٤ بد ا جبر ٤ خ ك ٢ ؼشت ٤ خ ا ؼ ث بد هغ ػ ا ؾ ٤ بح عب ؼخ ثبث هج األعزبر ا ذ ز س ػجذ ا ش ٣ ا ج ٤ ش ب ٢ ض ب ج ٤ ك ٢ ا غذ )1(. اندذ ل )1( األ اع ان جبريخ األخساء ان سزع هخ في انذراسخ. د 1 3 االسى انعرثي ا ش ا ضػزش ا ٤ االسى انعه ي Curcuma longa Thymus vulgaris Elettaria cardamomum انعبئهخ Zingiberaceae Lamiaceae Zingiberaceae اندسء ان سزع م ا غز س األ سام ا ض بس ع هيخ االسزخالص ثبسزخذاو خ بز انس كس نيذ Soxhlet ارجؼذ ؽش ٣ وخ [] ك ٢ ػ ٤ خ االعزخالص إر ؽؾ ذ األعضاء ا جبر ٤ خ ثبعزؼ ب ؽبؽ خ Blender ثؼذ ب ؿشث ذ األعضاء ا طؾ خ خال ؿشث ٤ غبؽخ صو ث ع غ ا غؾ م رشى ػ ذ دسعخ ؽشاسح 55 ذح 7 عبػخ ص ؿ ا غؾ م ا غبف ػغ ك ٢ ع بص ا غ غ ٤ ذ Soxhlet جذء ػ ٤ خ االعزخالص ثبعزؼ ب 3 ا ٤ ضب ا ط ن % 99.9 ز ٣ ت ) ؾظ ػ ٠ ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ( أ 3 ا بء ا وطش ز ٣ ت ) ؾظ ػ ٠ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ( ثز ي رظجؼ غجخ ا غؾ م ا غبف إ ٠ ا ز ٣ ت ( 1 ؿ : 15 ) اعز شد ػ ٤ خ االعزخالص ذح صالس عبػبد. ثؼذ ب ػغ ا غزخ ض ا برظ ك ٢ أؽجبم ثزش ١ صعبع ٤ خ ظ ٤ لخ ؼو خ لخ ا ذاخ ثأ ٤ بط ب ٣ ظ ٤ لخ ػؼذ ك ٢ ا ؾبػ خ ػ ذ دسعخ ؽشاسح 37 رش ذ زغق ر اخز ا غزخ ض ا غبف ثغ خ ث اعطخ ضع ا ٤ ظ ا طجن ص ؽلع ثؼذ إ ص ك ٢ أ ػ ٤ خ ثالعز ٤ ٤ خ ظ ٤ لخ ؾ خ ا ن ؾ ٤ االعزؼ ب أؽ ن ػ ٠ زا ا غزؾؼش ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ا غبف أ ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ا غبف. انخ اص انفيسيبئيخ ان ست ان ئ يخ نه سزخهظبد ان جبريخ ر ه ٤ بط األط ا ٤ ذس ع ٢ ٤ ph غزخ ظبد ا بئ ٤ خ ا ؾ ٤ خ ا غبئ خ ثؼذ إ اعزخ ظذ جبششح ث عبؽخ ع بص ه ٤ بط األط ا ٤ ذس ع ٢ ٤. أ ب ا غجخ ا ئ ٣ خ غزخ ض كز ؽغبث ثوغ خ ا ص ا ظبك ٢ غزخ ض ػ ٠ ا ص األط ٢ غؾ م ا جبر ٢ ا غبف ا غزؼ ؿ ؼش ثب ك ٢. 1 انكش فبد ان عيخ نه سزخهظبد ان بئيخ انكح نيخ انفع بنخ أعش ٣ ذ غ ػخ ا ش كبد ا ػ ٤ خ ر ي أع ا زؼشف ػ ٠ ا بد ا ٤ ٤ بئ ٤ خ األعبع ٤ خ أ ا ش جبد ا لؼب خ ا ع دح ك ٢ ز ا غزخ ظبد ب ٥ ر ٢ : 1 أنكشف ع انقه يذاد Alkaloids ر ا شق ػ ا و ٣ ذاد ثبعزؼ ب ا اشق ا زب ٤ خ ؽغت [3] : أ كبشف اك ر Wagner reagent ؽ ؼ ش زا ا بشق ثئراثخ 1.3 ؿ ا ٤ د غ ؿ ٣ د ٣ ذ ا ج ربع ٤ ك ٢ 1 ا بء ا وطش ص ٣ ؼبف إ ٤ خ ا غزخ ض ا جبر ٢ كؼ ذ ظ س ا شاعت ا ج ٢ د ر ي ػ ٠ ع د ا و ٣ ذاد. 11

4 ة كبشف يبير Mayer reagent ؽ ؼ ش زا أ بشق ػ ٠ ا ؾ ا ٥ ر ٢ :.1 ثئػبكخ 1.36 ؿ س ٣ ذ أ ضئجو ص Hg Cl ك ٢ 6 أ بء أ وطش.. ثئراثخ 5 ؿ ٣ د ٣ ذ أ ج ربع ٤ ك ٢ 1 ا بء أ وطش. ر ضط ا ؾ )1( )( أ ا ؾغ إ ٠ 1 ثئػبكخ ا بء ا وطش ص أػ ٤ لذ هطشاد زا ا بشق إ ٠ ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ كؼ ذ ظ س ساعت اث ٤ غ أ ػ سح د ر ي ػ ٠ ع د ا و ٣ ذاد. أنكشف ع أنزب ي بد )أنعفظيبد( Tannins أ كشف خالد أنرطبص Lead acetate test ؽ ؼ ش ا ؾ ثئراثخ 1 ؿ خالد أ شطبص ك ٢ 1 ا بء أ وطش ص أػ ٤ لذ ػذح هطشاد إ ٠ أ ج ثخ اخزجبس رؾ ١.5 أ غزخ ض. كئرا ر ساعت أث ٤ غ ال ٢ أ و ا د ػ ٠ ع د ا زب ٤ بد [4]. ة كشف كه ريذ أنحذيذيك Ferric chloride test أػ ٤ لذ ػذح هطشاد س ٣ ذ ا ؾذ ٣ ذ ٣ ي FeCl 3 ثزش ٤ ض % 1 إ ٠ أ ج ثخ اخزجبس رؾ ١.5 ا غزخ ض. ك ب ظ س أخؼش ضسم د ٤ ال ػ ٠ ع د ا زب ٤ بد [5]. 3 أنكشف ع أنظبث ي بد Saponins أ أػ ٤ ق 3 ا غزخ ض إ ٠ س ٣ ذ ا ضئجو ٤ ي HgCl ثزش ٤ ض % 1. ك ب ظ س ا شاعت األث ٤ غ د ٤ ال ػ ٠ ع د ا ظبث ٤ بد [6]. ة ر رؾؼ ٤ ش ؾ بئ ٢ غؾ م ا جبربد ا غبكخ ػؼذ ك ٢ أ ج ثخ اخزجبس س ع ذ ثشذح ك ب ظ س سؿ ح ض ٤ لخ رجو ٠ ذح ؽ ٣ خ د ٤ ال ػ ٠ ع د ا ظبث ٤ بد [3] 4 أنكشف ع أنك اليك سيذاد Glycosides أ كبشف ف ه ك Fehling reagent ؽؼش زا ا بشق ب ٣ أر ٢ :.1 اراثخ 7 ؿ جش ٣ زبد ا ؾبط ا بئ ٤ خ Cu SO 4.7H O ك ٢ زش ا بء ا وطش.. اراثةخ 4 ؿة ة 46 NaOH ؿة ة ةؼ س شة ٤ Sodium Potasium tartarate كة ٢ زةش ة ا ةبء ا وطش. ضط ؽغ ب زغب ٣ ب ؾ (1) () ؾظ ػ ٠ بشق ك ي ػ ذ ا شق ضط 1 ؿ ا غؾ م ا جبر ٢ ا غبف غ 1 ا بء ا وطش ثؼذ ب سشؼ ا ؾ ص اػ ٤ ق إ ٤ بشق ك ي كئرا ظ ش ا األؽ ش ا ب ن د ػ ٠ ع د ا ال ٣ ع ٤ ذاد[ 5 ]. ة كبشف ي نيش Molish reagent أ ؽش ٣ وخ ػ زا ا بشق ؽغت ب ر ش [7] ؽ ٤ ش رز ثأخز ا غزخ ض ا شاد اخزجبس ٣ ؼبف إ ٤ هطشرب ؾ ٣ شط αnaphthol ا ؾ ع ٤ ذا ص ر غي األ ج ثخ ثش بئ ٣ ؼبف ؽب غ ا جش ٣ ز ٤ ي ا ش ض ثش هطشاد ػ ٠ عذاس األ ج ثخ ؾ ٤ ظ س ؽجوز ٤ ؽجوخ ا ؾب غ ٢ ا غل ٠ ٣ لظ ث ٤ ا طجوز ٤ ؽ وخ ث لغغ ٤ خ ا ػ ذ ع د ا اد ا ال ٣ ع ٤ ذ ٣ خ. 5 أنكشف ع أنرار دبد Resins ضط 1 ؿ ا غؾ م ا جبر ٢ ا غبف غ 1 ا ؾ األص ٢ ٤ % 95 ر شى ا ؾ ذح ده ٤ وخ اؽذح ك ٢ ؽ ب بئ ٢ ثذسعخ ؽشاسح 1 ص س ش ؼ ا ؾ أػ ٤ ق إ ٤ 1 ؾ بئ ٢ ؾب غ ا ٤ ذس س ٣ ي % 4 اعزذ ػ ٠ ع د ا اد ا شار غ ٤ خ ثظ س ا ؼ سح [8]. 6 أنكشف ع انفالف يذاد Flavonoids ر ا شق ػ ا لالك ٤ ذاد ؽغت ؽش ٣ وخ [6] خال ا شل ٤ ا زب ٤ : أ كشف يذر كسيذ انج ربسي و انكح ني ضط ا غزخ ض غ ٤ ذس غ ٤ ذ 1 ا ج ربع ٤ ا ؾ ٢ ك ب ظ س ا األطلش د ٤ ال ػ ٠ ع د ا لالك ٤ ذاد. ة أنكشف ع انفالف يذ انفالف ل أر ٣ ت 1 ا غزخ ض ك ٢ 1 ؽب غ ا جش ٣ ز ٤ ي ا ش ض. ك ب ظ س ا األطلش ا ذا د ٤ ال ػ ٠ إ ا شق أعبث ٢. 7 أنكشف ع انكرث يذراد Carbohydrates كشف انفي ل يع حبيض انكجريزيك ان ركس ؽ ؼ ش بشق ا ل ٤ ثئراثخ 5 ؿ ث ساد ا ل ٤ ك ٢ 5 ا بء ا وطش. ص أػ ٤ ق.5 زا ا بشق إ ٠.5 ا غزخ ض ك ٢ أ ج ثخ اخزجبس س ع ذ ع ٤ ذا ص أػ ٤ ق.5 ؽب غ ا جش ٣ ز ٤ ي ا ش ض إ ٠ ا ؾ. ك ب ظ س ا األؽ ش ا ج ٢ د ٤ ال ػ ٠ ع د ا بسث ٤ ذساد [9]. 1

5 8 أنكشف ع انفي الد Phenols Ferric chloride reagent كبشف كه ريذ انحذيذيك ؽ ؼ ش زا ا بشق ثئراثخ 1 ؿ س ٣ ذ ا ؾذ ٣ ذ ٣ ي FeCl 3 ك ٢ 1 ا بء ا وطش. هذ س ؽ جذ سهخ رشش ٤ ؼ ثب غزخ ض ا جبر ٢ ص أػ ٤ لذ هطشاد بشق س ٣ ذ ا ؾذ ٣ ذ ٣ ي ر رؼش ٣ غ ا سهخ إ ٠ ثخبس األ ٤ ب. كئرا ظ شا األصسم د ػ ٠ ع د ا ل ٤ الد [5]. 9 أنكشف ع انفي كي يبري بد Fuocoumarins أػ ٤ ق 1 ؾ ٤ ذس غ ٤ ذ ا ج ربع ٤ ا ؾ ٢ % 1 إ ٠ 1 ا غزخ ض. ك ب ظ س ا األطلش أ األطلش ا خؼش د ٤ ال ػ ٠ ع د ا ل ٤ ٤ بس ٣ بد [3]. 1 أنكشف ع انزرايزيرثي يذ Triterpenoids أػ ٤ ق 1 ؽب غ ا جش ٣ ز ٤ ي ا ش ض إ ٠ 1 ؾ ا س ك س ص أػ ٤ ق ا ؾ ا برظ إ ٠ ا غزخ ض. ك ب ظ س ا األؽ ش أ األسع ا ٢ د ٤ ال ػ ٠ ع د ا زشا ٣ ز ٤ شث ٣ ٤ ذ [3]. رأثير ان سزخهظبد ان جبريخ في انفطر A.flavus إ زبج سى االفال B B 1 ارجؼذ ؽش ٣ وخ [5] إر ر ضط ا غزخ ظبد ا بئ ٤ خ أ ا ؾ ٤ خ جبد ا ش ا ضػزش ا ٤ ػ ٠ ؽذ غ ا عؾ أ ضسػ ٢ آ بس د غزش ص ا جطبؽب (PDA) ثؼذ إ ثشد إ ٠ 4 ثضالصخ رشا ٤ ض )5 15( 1 % غزخ ض ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ث ؼذ صالصخ شساد رش ٤ ض ثؼذ رظ ت ا عؾ ر و هشص ثوطش 5 ث عبؽخ صبهت ا ل ٤ Cork borer إ ٠ عؾ ا طجن ضسػخ ا لطش A.flavus ا ب ٢ ػ ٠ عؾ PAD ثؼ ش 5 أ ٣ ب. ر اعزؼ ب غ ػز ٤ ع ٤ طشح األ ٠ ثذ إػبكخ إ ١ بدح عؾ أ ضسػ ٢ ا ضب ٤ خ ثئػبكخ Clotrimazole ثزش ٤ ض إ ٠ ا عؾ ؽؼ ذ األؽجبم ع ٤ ؼ ب ثذسعخ ؽشاسح (±7) ذح عجؼخ أ ٣ ب. ر ه ٤ بط هطش ا غزؼ شح ا ب ٤ خ ) ؼذ هطش ٣ زؼب ذ ٣ ( عغ ذ ا زبئظ ؽغجذ غجخ ا زضج ٤ ؾ ثبعزؼ ب ا ؼبد خ ا ٥ ر ٤ خ [3] : غجخ ا زضج ٤ ؾ = ])ا غ ٤ طشح ا ؼب خ ) ا غ ٤ طشح[ 1 ص ر ا شق ػ ع االكال B. B 1 رحذيذ انزركيس ان ثجظ األد ى (MIC) Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ثؼذ ؼشكخ رأص ٤ ش ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ك ٢ ا لطش.A flavus رؾذ ٣ ذ ع ا غزخ ض األ ضش كؼب ٤ خ ك ٢ ا لطش ر اخزجبس ا زشا ٤ ض ا غزخ ظبد ا ؤصشح شع رؾذ ٣ ذ أد ٠ رش ٤ ض ضجؾ MIC ب ك ٢ ا لطش 4 ثبالػز بد ػ ٠ ؽش ٣ وخ اال زشبسmethod diffusion إر شش ا ؼ ن ا غج س لطش.A flavus ثوذس х1 عج س ث اعطخ بششح spreader ػ ٠ عؾ (PDA) ثؼذ رظ ج ص ػ ذ ا ؾلش ث عبؽخ ا ضبهت ا ل ٢ ٤ هطش.5 ع ػغ رش ٤ ض ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ك ٢ ؽلش ثوذس.5 غ األخز ث ظش االػزجبس ثب بى ع ٤ طش عجخ بء وطش ع ٤ طشح عب جخ ثئػبكخ Clotrimazole ثزش ٤ ض ا بء ا وطش إ ٠ ا عؾ ؽغت ثؼذ ر ي ا زش ٤ ض ا ضجؾ األد ٠ غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ [31]. انزحهيم اإلحظبئي Statistic analysis ر رظ ٤ ا زغشثخ غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ث طل ب رغشثخ ػب ٤ خ (5хх3) ع ا جبر ٢ ع ا غزخ ض ا زش ٤ ض ػ ٠ ا ز ا ٢ ثبعزؼ ب ا زظ ٤ ا ؼش ائ ٢ ا زب (CRD) Completely Randomized Design ثضالصخ شساد ه س ذ ا ز عطبد ثبعزؼ ب أه كشم ؼ ١ LSD ػ ٠ غز اؽز ب ٤ خ.5 ش زا ا زؾ ٤ رغشثخ رأص ٤ ش ا ع ا جبر ٢ ع ا غزخ ض رش ٤ ض ا زذاخ ث ٤ ب ك ٢ ؼذ هطش ا غزؼ شح )ع ( [3]. ان زبئح ان بقشخ Results and Discussion انخ اص انفيسيبئيخ ان ست ان ئ يخ نه سزخهظبد ان جبريخ. ٣ ػؼ ا غذ )1( أ أػ ٠ دا خ ؽب ؼ ٤ خ ب ذ غغ خ ش إر ث ةذ 6.96 غةزخ ض ا ؾة ٢ 6.5 غةزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ك ٢ جبد ا ضػزش ث ةذ 5.91 غةزخ ض ا ؾة ٢ 5.54 غةزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ أ ةب ا ٤ ة كوةذ عةغ اهة دا ةخ ؽب ؼة ٤ خ غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ا ز ٢ ث ذ 5.4 ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ عغ ٣ الؽع ك ٢ ا غذ لغ أ ا غت ا ئ ٣ خ غزخ ظبد ا بئ ٤ خ أػ ٠ ا غزخ ظبد ا ؾ ٤ خ جبربد ا ذس عخ كة ٢ بػذا ا ش إر ب ذ ا غجخ ا ئ ٣ ةخ غزخ ظةبد ا ة بئ ٤ خ ة ٢ % % 11.1 % 6.5 ٤ ة ا ضػزةش ا ةش ػ ٠ ا ز ا ٢ أ ةب ا غةجخ ا ئ ٣ ةخ غزخ ظةبد ا ؾ ٤ ةخ كوةذ ب ةذ % 9.5 % 8.8 % 8.5 ضػزةش ا ٤ ة ا ةش ػ ة ٠ ا ز ا ٢ ٣ زج ٤. أ ا غجخ ا ئ ٣ خ غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ض بس ا ٤ اؽز ذ ا شرجخ األ ٠ ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ا غزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ةش اؽزة ا شرجخ األخ ٤ شح. 13

6 اندذ ل )1( انخ اص انفيسيبئيخ ان ست ان ئ يخ نه سزخهظبد ان بئيخ انكح نيخ نه جبربد ان ذر سخ ان سجخ ان ئ يخ نه سزخهض % % 11.1 % 9.5 % 6.5 % 8.5 % % 8.8 ان ز انظبفي نه سزخهض)غى( انذانخ انحبيضيخ د 1 3 ان جبربد ا ضػزش ا ش ا ٤ ع ان سزخهض بئ ٢ ؾ ٢ بئ ٢ ؾ ٢ بئ ٢ ؾ ٢ ن سبئم ث ٢ كبرؼ ص ٣ ز ٢ أطلش ؼز أطلش ثشام ٢ ٤ اطلش خؼش ن ثعذ انزدفيف ثشروب ٢ ؿب ن ص ٣ ز ٢ ؿب ن ثشروب ٢ ؾ ش ر ج ٢ اطلش كبرؼ اطلش خؼش انكش فبد ان عيخ نه سزخهظبد ان جبريخ ظشا ب أظ شر ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ا ذس عخ كبػ ٤ خ رضج ٤ ط ٤ خ ػب ٤ ةخ ارغةب ا لطةش.A flavus عةش ا زؾةش ١ ػة ؾز ا غزخ ظبد ا ؤصشح ا ش جبد ا لؼب خ ر ي ثبعزؼ ب ا اشق ا ٤ ٤ بئ ٤ خ ا خز لخ إر أظ شد ا ش كبد ا ػ ٤ خ أ ا جبرةةبد ا ذس عةةخ رؾةة ١ ػةةذدا ةة ا ةةبد ا ؾبكظةةخ ا لؼب ةةخ ضةة ا زب ٤ ةةبد ا ظةةبث ٤ بد ا ال ٣ عةة ٤ ذاد ا ل ٤ ةة الد ا و ٣ ذاد ا شار غبد ا لالك ٤ ذاد ا شث ٤ ذساد ا ل ٤ ٤ بس ٣ ةبد ا زشا ٣ ز ٤ شث ٣ ٤ ةذ ؿ ٤ ش ةب ٣ ػةؼ ا غةذ )( أ ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ضػزش اؽز ػ ة ٠ ع ٤ ةغ ا ش جةبد ا زة ٢ ر ةشد ةب ػةذا ا ظةبث ٤ بد أ ةب ا غةزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ضػزةش ك ة ٣ ؾز ١ ػ ٠ ا ظبث ٤ بد ا شار غبد ا لالك ٤ ذاد ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ا غةزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ا ؾة ٢ ٤ ة ة ٣ ؾز ٣ ةب ػ ة ٠ ا شار غةبد ا لالك ٤ ةةذاد ا ل ٤ ةة الد ا ل ٤ ٤ بس ٣ ةةبد ا زشا ٣ ز ٤ شث ٣ ٤ ةةذ ةةز ي ػةةذ عةة د ا و ٣ ةةذاد كةة ٢ ا غةةزخ ض ا ؾةة ٢ ٤ ةة ال ا ظبث ٤ بد ك ٢ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ٤ اؽز ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ش ػ ٠ ا ال ٣ ع ٤ ذاد ا شار غبد ا شث ٤ ذساد ا ل ٤ الد ا ؼذ ع د ا و ٣ ذاد ا زب ٤ بد ا شار غبد ا لالك ٤ ذاد ا ل ٤ ٤ بس ٣ بد ا زشا ٣ ز ٤ شث ٣ ٤ ذ ك ٢ ا غزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ش. 14 د انكش فبد ان عيخ انكشف ع انقه يذاد أ شق ا ش ة شق ب ٣ ش انكشف ع انزب ي بد أ شق خالد ا شطبص ة شق س ٣ ذ ا ؾذ ٣ ذ ٣ ي انكشف ع انظبث ي بد أ شق س ٣ ذ ا ضئجو ٤ ي ة سؿ ح ا ؾ ا بئ ٢ انكشف ع انكاليك سيذاد أ بشق ك ي ة بشق ٤ ش اندذ ل )( انكش فبد ان عيخ نه سزخهظبد ان جبريخ انفع بنخ. ان سزخهض ان سزخهض ان سزخهض ان سزخهض ان سزخهض ان بئي انكح ني ان بئي انكح ني ان بئي نه يم نهكركى نهكركى نهسعزر نهسعزر ان سزخهض انكح ني نه يم انكشف ع انرار دبد شق ؽب غHCl % 4 انكشف ع انفالف يذاد أ شةةةق ٤ ذس غةةة ٤ ذ ا ج ربع ٤ ا ؾ ٢

7 ة شق ؽب غ ا جش ٣ ز ٤ ي ا ش ض انكشف ع انكرث يذراد شق ا ل ٤ غ ؽب غ ا جش ٣ ز ٤ ي ا ش ض انكشف ع انفي الد شق س ٣ ذ ا ؾذ ٣ ذ ٣ ي انكشف ع انفي كي يبري بد شةةةةةةةةةةةةق ٤ ذس غةةةةةةةةةةةة ٤ ذ ا ج ربع ٤ ا ؾ ٢ انكشف ع انزرايزيرثي يذ شةةةق ؽةةةب غ ا جش ٣ ز ٤ ةةةي ا ش ض غ ا س ك س رأثير ان سزخهظبد ان جبريخ في انفطر..A flavus أظ ةةشد ا زةةبئظ كةة ٢ ا غةةذ )3( أ ةةبى كش هةةبد ؼ ٣ ةةخ ػ ةةذ غةةز اؽز ب ٤ ةةخ.5 ثةة ٤ ا ةة ع ا جةةبر ٢ ةة ع ا غزخ ض ا زشا ٤ ض أ بى كش هبد ؼ ٣ خ ػ ذ غز اؽز ب ٤ خ.5 ز ٤ غخ ا زذاخ ث ٤ ا ؼ ا ا ضالصخ أػال. ك ؽ ٤ ش ا ع ا جبر ٢ أظ ش جبد ا ش رل هب ػ ة ٠ ثو ٤ ةخ ا جبرةبد كة ٢ رةأص ٤ ش ا زضج ٤ طة ٢ ػ ة ٠ ة ا لطةش.A flavus إر أػط ٠ أه ؼذ لطش 4.45 ع ٣ أر ٢ جبد ا ضػزش ثب شرجخ ا ضب ٤ خ ث ٤ ا جبرةبد كة ٢ رةأص ٤ ش ا زضج ٤ طة ٢ إر أػطة ٠ ؼةذ 4.58 ع عبء جبد ا ٤ ثب شرجخ األخ ٤ شح ا ز ١ أػط ٠ ؼذ 5.39 ع إر ٣ عذ أ ١ كشم ؼ ١ ث ٤ جبد ا ش ا ضػزش ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ٣ عذ كشم ؼ ١ ث ٤ جبد ا ش ا ٤ ز ي ث ٤ جبد ا ضػزش ا ٤ ػ ذ غةز اؽز ب ٤ ةخ.5 زا هذ ٣ ؼ د إ ٠ اخزالف ك ٢ ؽج ٤ ؼخ ػ ٤ خ ا ش جبد ا ز ٢ ٣ ؾز ٣ ب جبد أ ا غةضء ا جةبر ٢ كجؼؼة ب ضةجؾ ثؼؼة ب شةغغ ثؼؼ ب ا ٥ خش د رأص ٤ ش[ 33 ]. أ ب ك ٤ ب ٣ خض ع ا غزخ ض كوذ أظ ش ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ رل هب ػ ٠ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ك ٢ رأص ٤ ش ا زضج ٤ ط ٢ ػ ة ٠ ة ا لطش ا ذس ط ثلش هبد ؼ ٣ خ ػ ذ غز اؽز ب ٤ خ.5 إر ث ؾ ؼذ ا لطةش ثبعةزؼ ب ا غةزخ ض ا ؾة ٢.95 ع ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ب ثب عزؼ ب ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ 6.66 ع هذ ٣ ؼ د زا ا زجب ٣ إ ٠ اخزالف ا وطج ٤ خ ك ٤ ب ٣ خض ا ةز ٣ ت ا غةزؼ إر رؼ د إ ٠ اخزالف صبثذ ا ؼض ا شثبئ ٢ ز ا ز ٣ جبد ص عزخز ق ا ش جبد ا زائجخ ك ٢ ا بء أ ا ؾ [ 34 ]. وذ أػط ٤ ذ ا غزخ ظبد ا ؾ ٤ خ كبػ ٤ خ رضج ٤ ط ٤ خ أػ ٠ ا غزخ ظبد ا بئ ٤ خ ك ٢ ة جبرةبد ا ةش ا ضػزةش إر ٣ ظ ش إال ع رأص ٤ ش ؽل ٤ ق غزخ ظةبد ا بئ ٤ ةخ أ ةب ك ٤ ةب ٣ خةض ا غةزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ جةبد ا ٤ ة ا ةز ١ أظ ةش كبػ ٤ ةخ رضج ٤ ط ٤ ةخ أػ ٠ ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ إر أشبس [35] إ ٠ أ ا لبػ ٤ خ ا زضج ٤ ط ٤ خ ا و ٤ خ غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ هةذ ٣ ؼةض إ ة ٠ ه ةخ ٤ ةخ ا ة اد ا لؼب خ ك ٢ ا غزخ ظبد أ ػؼق كبػ ٤ ز ب أ إ ٠ ػش سح كظ ا بد ا لؼب خ ب. وذ اظ ش ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ش لبءح ػب ٤ خ ك ٢ رضج ٤ ؾ ة ا لطةش ثةب زشا ٤ ض 15 1, 5 ة كوةذ ةب هطةش ا غزؼ شح ع زشا ٤ ض ع ٤ ؼ ب إر غ ر ا غج ساد ظ ش ا لطش ثش غزؼ شح طة ٤ ش ث ٤ ؼةبء ر عةذ كش هةبد ؼ ٣ ةخ اػؾخ ث ٤ ث ٤ ا غةزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ةش إر ة ٣ ظ ةش أ ١ رةأص ٤ ش ػ ة ٠ ة ا لطةش ك ٤ ةب ػةذا رش ٤ ةض 15 ة كوةذ ث ةؾ هطةش ا غزؼ شح ػ ةذ 8.5 عة ا شة )1( هةذ ٣ ؼةض ا غةجت إ ة ٠ عة د ا شار غةبد كة ٢ ا غةزخ ض ا ؾة ٢ ؿ ٤ بثة كة ٢ ا غةزخ ض ا بئ ٢. ز ي اظ ش ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ضػزش لبءح ػب ٤ خ ك ٢ رضج ٤ ؾ ا لطش ثب زشا ٤ ض 15 1, ة كوةذ ةب هطةش ا غزؼ شح ع ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ا زش ٤ ض 5 ة ث ةؾ ة ا غةزؼ شح عة ر عةذ كش هةبد ؼ ٣ ةخ اػةؾخ ث ٤ ة ثة ٤ ا غةزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ضػزش إر ٣ ظ ش أ ١ رأص ٤ ش ػ ٠ ا لطش ك ٤ ب ػذا رش ٤ ض 15 ة كوةذ ث ةؾ هطةش ا غةزؼ شح ػ ةذ 7.75 عة ا شة )( شث ب رؼض إ ٠ ع د ا شار غبد ا لالك ٤ ذاد ك ٢ ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ػذ ع د ب ك ٢ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢. كة ٢ ؽة ٤ اظ ةش ا غةزخ ض ا ؾة ٢ ٤ ة رةبص ٤ شا رضج ٤ طةب ؼزةذال ػ ة ٠ ة ا لطةش ػ ةذ ا زشا ٤ ةض 15 1,, 5 ة ث ؼذ ) ( 4.91 ع ر عذ كش م ؼ ٣ خ ز ي ث ٤ ث ٤ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ٤ كوذ ب ؼذ ا لطةش 5.5 ع ػ ذ ا زش ٤ ض ع ػ ذ رش ٤ ض 1 9 ع ػ ذ رش ٤ ض 15 ا ش )3( ٣ زجة ٤ ةب ثةأ ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ا ؾ ٢ ٣ ض ٣ ذ ٤ ؼذ ا لطش.A flavus ثض ٣ بدح ا زش ٤ ض ثب ؼ ظ ػ ٠ ب ػ ٤ خ كة ٢ غزخ ظة ٢ ا ش ا ضػزش ث ػ ٤ ب ا بئ ٢ ا ؾ ٢ هذ ٣ ؼ د ا غجت ك ٢ ر ي إ ة ٠ ا زةذاخ ثة ٤ ا ة اد ا غزخ ظةخ رأص ٤ ش ةب ػ ة ٠ ا ةبدح ا ز ٢ ٣ ؼ د ا ٤ ب ا زأص ٤ ش ا زضج ٤ ط ٢ إر أشةبس[ 36 ] إ ة ٠ أ ة أؽ ٤ ب ةب ٣ ةؤد ١ عة د ا ةبد ا لؼب ةخ ةغ ثؼؼة ب كة ٢ ا غزخ ظةبد ا خةب Crude Extracts إ ٠ رأص ٤ ش ع ج ٢ ٤ ظ كؼب. هذ ٣ ؼ د ا زجب ٣ ث ٤ ا جبربد ك ٢ رأص ٤ ش ب ػ ٠ ا لطش.A flavus ا ذس ط إ ٠ ب رؾز ٣ ش جبد ٤ ٤ بئ ٤ خ أعبعة ٤ خ صب ٣ ةخ ػ ٤ خ ش جبر ب ا لؼب خ ا ز ٢ ٣ ؼ د ا ٤ ب ا زأص ٤ ش ا زضج ٤ ط ٢ إر ٣ ؾز ١ ا جبد ا اؽذ ػ ٠ أ ضش بدح كؼب خ ب ب اعزخذا ة اد ؽبكظةخ ألؿز ٣ ةةةخ كشا ٣ ض ةةةبد جةةةبد ا ةةةش رؾزةةة ١ ػ ةةة ٠ ا ض ٣ ةةة د ا ط ٤ ةةةبسح ضةةة Borneol Cineol Sabinene aphellandrene Thymol.إ ب أ سام جبد ا ضػزش كوذ رؾزة ١ ػ ة ٠ أ ة ةش ج ٤ [1] Curcumin إ ٠ ثبإلػبكخ Sesquiterpines Zingiberene. [38] αterpinyl acetate 1,8 Cineole ك ٢ ؽ ٤ رؾز ١ ص بس ا ٤ ػ ٠ ش ج ٤ ٤.[37] Carvacrol 15

8 وº 31 اندذ ل )3( رأثير ان ع ان جبري يسزخهظ رركيس انزذاخم ثي ب في يعذل قطر يسزع رح )سى( انفطر.A flavus ثعذ أسج ع ي انحض ثذرخخ حرارح ± mg ml mgml 5 mg ml ان جبد كركى زعزر يم انزركيس يقبر خ 1 ع يبء يقطر ان سزخهض كح ني 9 يبئي 9 كح ني 9 يبئي 9 كح ني 9 يبئي 9 ان عذل نهزركيس 9 ان عذل ن ع ان سزخهض يقبر خ Clotrimazole mgml كح ني.95 ان عذل نه ع ان جبري يبئي 6.66 ان ع ان جبري انعبيم. LSD.5 ا زغشثخ أعش ٣ ذ ثضالس شساد. ع ان سزخهض.18 انزركيس.8 انزذاخم.68 انشكم )1( ان سجخ ان ئ يخ نهزثجيظ زيدخ رعريض انفطر.A flavus إنى رراكيس يخزهفخ ي ان سزخهض ان بئي انكح ني ن جبد انكركى عهى سظ. PDA انشكم )( ان سجخ ان ئ يخ نهزثجيظ زيدخ رعريض انفطر.A flavus إنى رراكيس يخزهفخ ي ان سزخهض ان بئي انكح ني ن جبد انسعزر عهى سظ. PDA 16

9 انشكم )3( ان سجخ ان ئ يخ نهزثجيظ زيدخ رعريض انفطر.A flavus إنى رراكيس يخزهفخ ي ان سزخهض ان بئي انكح ني ن جبد ان يم عهى سظ. PDA رحذيذ انزركيس ان ثجظ األد ى (MIC) Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ثؼذ ؼشكخ رأص ٤ ش ا غزخ ظبد ا جبر ٤ خ ك ٢ ا لطش.A flavus رؾذ ٣ ذ ع ا غزخ ض األ ضةش كؼب ٤ ةخ كة ٢ ة ا لطةش ظ ش ا غذ )4( إ ا غةزخ ض ا ؾة ٢ ةش ا ضػزةش عةغال أد ة ٠ رش ٤ ةض ضةجؾ ة 1 ة ة كة ٢ ؽة ٤ ا غةزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ب ٣ غغ إ ١ رش ٤ ض ضجؾ أد ٠ إ ب جةبد ا ٤ ة كوةذ ةب ا زش ٤ ةض ا ضةجؾ األد ة ٠ غةزخ ض ا ؾة ٢ ة ة ة ث ٤ ب ا غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ عغ 4. د 1 3 اندذ ل )4( انزركيس ان ثجظ األد ى نه سزخهظبد ان جبريخ انفع بنخ في انفطر..A flavus انزركيس ان ثجظ األد ى ع ان سزخهض ان ع ان جبري 1 mgml ا ؾ ٢ انكركى ا بئ ٢ 1 mgml ا ؾ ٢ انسعزر ا بئ ٢ mgml ا ؾ ٢ ان يم 4 mgml ا بئ ٢ رأثير ان سزخهظبد ان جبريخ في إ زبج سى االفال B B 1 ي قجم انفطر..A flavus رة رؾذ ٣ ةذ عة االكةال B B 1 ػ ٤ ةب ا ةزظ ة هجة ا ؼض ةخ A.flavus AfZ 3 كة ٢ عةؾ )PDA( ا ؾةب ١ ػ ة ٠ رشا ٤ ةض خز لخ ة ا غزخ ظةبد ا جبر ٤ ةخ ثؼةذ ر ٤ ةخ ا ؼض ةخ ك ٤ ة ةذح 7 أ ٣ ةب ثذسعةخ º±7 ة خةال ا وبس ةخ ةغ عة االكةال B B 1 ا و ٤ بع ٢. أظ شد ا زبئظ ك ٢ ا غذ )5( إ ؼب خ ا لطش ثزش ٤ ض غزخ ض ا ش ا ؾة ٢ ا ضػزةش ا بئ ٢ ٣ ؤد ١ إ ٠ ا ؼذا ظ س ع االكال. B B 1 ز ي ث ٤ ذ ا زبئظ إ ؼب خ ا لطش ثزش ٤ ض 1 15 غزخ ض ا ةش ا ةبئ ٢ ا ضػزةش ا ؾة ٢ ة ٣ ظ ةش عة االكةال B B 1 كة ٢ ؽة ٤ ا زش ٤ ةض 5 ة اظ ةش عة د عة االكةال B 1 ةال ا غزخ ظة ٤. أ ةب ا غةزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ا ؾة ٢ ٤ ة كوةذ ةغ ظ ة س عة االكةال B B 1 ػ ةذ رش ٤ ةض 15 ة ا زش ٤ ةض 1 كوذ ظ ش ك ٤ ع االكال B 1 ك ٢ ؽ ٤ ظ ش ع االكال B B 1 ػ ذ رش ٤ ض 5 غزخ ض ا بئ ٢ ظ ةش ا ة ع B 1 غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ػ ذ لظ ا زش ٤ ض. هذ ٣ ؼ د ا غجت ك ٢ ػةذ ظ ة س عة االكةال B B 1 ة إ ا غزخ ظةبد رؼ ة ػ ة ٠ ر ٤ ةش ا زش ٤ ةت ا ٤ ٤ ةبئ ٢ غة أ رشرجؾ ثشذح ؼ [ 7 ] أ سث ب ر غ ا غزخ ظبد ر ش ت Acetate اال ٣ غ األ ٢ ا ز ١ ٣ ؼزجةش أ ج ةخ األعبعة ٤ خ كة ٢ ر ة ٣ ع االكال إ ب ك ٢ ؽب خ ظ س ع االكال B 1 ؿ ٤ بة B شث ب اسرجبؽ ا غزخ ظبد ثأؽذ ش جبد غبس ر ٣ ع االكال. B ٣ زلن رأص ٤ ش ا غزخ ض ا ؾ ٢ ش ا بئ ٢ ضػزش ػ ٠ إ زبط ع االكال ةغ ةب عةذ [4] إر إ ع ٤ ةغ ا زشا ٤ ةض ( 6 ( 4 % ا بكبئ ٤ ك ٢ عؾ ا خب خ ا ظ جخ صجؾ إ زبط ع االكةال B B 1 كة ٢ ؽة ٤ ال رزلةن زةبئظ رةأص ٤ ش ا غةزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ش ا ؾ ٢ ضػزش ا غزخ ض ا ةبئ ٢ ا ؾة ٢ ٤ ة ةغ ةب عةذ [ 4 ] إ ص ٣ ةبدح رش ٤ ةض ا و ة ح كة ٢ عةؾ ا خب ةخ ا ظة جخ ٣ ؤد ١ إ ٠ ظ س ع االكال ب رزلن غ ب عذ [ 39 ] إر إ ؼب خ ا لطش ثزشا ٤ ض ه ٤ ةخ ة ا ض ٣ ةذ ا ط ٤ ةبس وشة س ص ةبس ا ش ٣ ةت كش د ػ ذ ا زش ٤ ض ).15.5 ( % ك ٢ عؾ غزخ ض ا خ ٤ شح ا غ ش ص أد إ ٠ ظ س ا ع B 1 ص ٣ بدح ا زش ٤ ض إ ة ٠ ٣ ظ ش %.5 ع االكال. 17

10 B ثفعم A. flavus في اندذ ل )5( رأثير انزراكيس ان خزهفخ يهغىيم ي ان سزخهظبد ان جبريخ انفعبنخ في إ زبج سى االفال B 1 سظ. PDA د ان ع ان جبري ع ان سزخهض سى االفال 15 B B انكركى انسعزر كح ني يبئي كح ني 1 ان يم يبئي كح ني 3 يبئي Reference : أ زبط ع االكال. : ػذ أ زبط ع االكال. ان ظبدر 1. Peter, K. V. & Nirmal Babu, K.(4). Introduction: in Peter, K. V. (4). Handbook of Herbs and Spices. nd Volume., Woodhead Publishing Ltd : 365 pp.. Olowokudejo, J. D. ;Kadiri, A. B. & Travih, V.A. (8). An Ethnobotanical survey of herbal markets and medicinal plants in lagos state of Nigeria. Ethnobotanical Leaflets., 1: Alpsoy, L. (1). Inhibitory effect of essential oil on aflatoxin activities. Afr. J. Biotechl.,9(17): Maraqa, A. ;ALsharo'a, N. F. ;Farah, H. ;Elbjeirami, W. M. ; Shakya, A. K. & Sallal, A. J. (7). Effect of Nigella sativa extract and oil on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Turk. J. Biol., 31: Sudhakar, P.;Latha, P.;Sreenivasulu, Y.;Bhaskar Reddy, B. V.;Hemalatha, T. M. ;Balakrishna, M. and Raja Reddy. (9). Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus colonization and aflatoxin (AfB1) in peanut by methyleugenol. K. Ind. J. Exp. Biol.,47: Reddy,V. K ; Srinivas, M. ; Reddy, A. R. ; Srujana, G. ; Surekha, M. & Reddy, S. M. (11). Plant extracts in the management of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Intern. J. Pharma. Bio. Sci., () : Hajare, S. S. ; Hajare, S. N. & Sharma, A. (5). Aflatoxin inactivation using aqueous extract of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds. J. food Sci., 7(1): Rajasinghe, M. ;Abeywickrama, K. & Jayasekera, R. (9). Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin formation in selected spices during storage. Trop. Agr. Res. Ext., 1(1): Quiles, J. L. ;Mesa, M. D. ;RamírezTortosa, C. L. ;Aguilera, C. M. ;Battino, M. ;Gil, A. & RamírezTortosa, M. C. (). Curcuma longa extract supplementation reduces oxidative stress and attenuates aortic fatty streak development in rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., : Chattopadhyay, I. ;Biswas, K. ;Bandyopadhyay, U. & Banerjee, R. K. (4). Turmeric and curcumin: biological actions and medicinal applications. Current Sci., 87 (1, 1): Çikrikçi, S. ; Mozioglu, E. & Yilmaz, H. (8). Biological activity of curcuminoids isolated from Curcuma longa. Rec. Nat. Prod., (1): Ireson, C. R, ;Jones, D. J. L. ; Orr, S. ;Coughtrie, M. W. H. ;Boocock, D. J. ;Williams, M. L. ;Farmer, P. B. ;Steward, W. P. & Gescher, A. J. (). Metabolism of the cancer 18

11 chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. Cancer Epidemiol., 11 : StahlBiskup, E. & Venskutonis, R. P. (4). Thyme : in Peter, K. V. (4). Handbook of Herbs and Spices. nd Volume., Woodhead Publishing Ltd : 365 pp. 14. Kulevanova, S. & Panovska, T. K. (1). Antioxidant activity of essential oils of different wild Thymus L. Species. Bull. Chem. Technol. Macedonia, ( 1): El zemity, S. R. & Ahmed, S. M. (5). Antifungal activity of some essential oils and their major chemical constituents against some phytopathogenic fungi. J. Pest. Cont. Environ. Sci., 13(1): Lwasa, S & Bwowe, E. (7). Exploring the economic potential of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum ) as alternative and promising income source for Uganda s smallholder farmers. Afr. Crop Sci. Soci., 8: Verma, S. K. ;Jain, V. & Katewa, S. S. (9). Blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities of cardamomum (Elettaria cardamomum). Ind. J. Biochemistry & Biophysics., 46 : Bansod,S. & Rai, M. (8). Antifungal activity of essential oils from indian medicinal plants against human pathogenic Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger., World J. Med. Sci. 3 (): yulia, E ;shipton, W. A. & Coventry, R. J. (6). Activity of some plant oils and extracts against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. plant Pathol. J., 5 () : Aryantha, N. P. ; Lunggani, A. T. (7). Suppression on the aflatoxinb production and the growth of Aspergillus flavus by lactic acid bacterial (Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus planetarium). Biotechnol., 6(): Bokhari, F. M. (). Aflatoxins production by Aspergillus flavus,isolated from different food stuffs commonly used in Jeddah region, Saudi Arabia. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 5(1): Kerem, Z. ; GermanShashoua, H. & Yarden, O. (5). Microwaveassisted extraction of bioactive saponins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). J. Sci. Food Agric., 85: Harborne,J.B. (1984). Phytochemical Methods : Aguide to Modern Techniques of Plants Analysis. nd. edt., Chapman & Hall, London, New York. 4. Ahmed,M. ; Nazil,S. & Anwar,M. (1989). Studies on tannins from bark of Pinus roxburghii. J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan., 11 : Adedayo,O. ; Anderson,W. ; Young,M. ; Sncickus,V. ; Patil,P. & Kolawole,D. (1). Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of Senna alata flower. pharmacut., Biol. 39 : ALKhazragi,S.M. (1991). Biopharmacological study of Artemisia herba alba. M.Sc.thesis. Univ. Baghdad. 7. ا ش ٤ خ ٢ ؾ ذ ػجذ ا غزبس ػجذ ا غ ٤ كش ٣ ب ؽغ ا ؼضا ١ ؽغ ك ٤ ةبع) 1993 (. ا ٤ ٤ ةبء ا ؾ ٤ بر ٤ ةخ ا ؼ ة ٢ ا غب ؼةخ ا غز ظش ٣ خ. 8. Shihata, I. M.(1951). A pharmacological study of Anagallis arvensis. M. D. Vet. Thesis. Cairo University. 9. Meyer,E. & Walther,A. (1988). Methods for the estimation of protein, lipid, carbohydrate and chitin in fresh water invertebrates. J. Arch. Hydroboil., 13 : Yigit, A. & Korukluoglu, M. (7). The effect of potassium sorbate, NaCl and PH on the growth of food spoilage fungi. Annals Microbiol., 57 (): Thenmozhi, M. & Kannabiran, K. (1). Studies on isolation, classification and phylogenetic characterization of novel antifungal Streptomyces sp. VITSTK7 in India. Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci., (5): اإل ب ؾ ذ ؾ ذ ا طب ش )7(. رظ ٤ رؾ ٤ ا زغبسة. داس ا ش ٣ خ شش ا خ ا ؼشث ٤ خ ا غؼ د ٣ خ ؽ 1 : 48 طلؾخ. 33. Gonçalez, E. ; Felicio, J. D. ; Pinto, M. M. ; Rossi, M. H. ; Medina, C. ; Fernandes, M. J. B. & Simoni, I. C. (3). Inhibition of aflatoxin production by Polymnia sonchifolia and its in vitro cytotoxicity. Arq. Inst. Biol., 7 () :

12 34. Bernard, T.(1997). Reactions in Solution. An Applied Analytical Approach. 1st. edt., John Wiley & Sons Ltd. England : 554 pp. 35. غ ٤ ذ ه ٤ ضبس سش ٤ ذ ا شط ٢ طجبػ ب ي ؽ ٤ ذ ػجذ ا ش ٣ ػ ٢ ؽغة ٤ )1998(. ا ؾزة ا ٤ ٤ ةبئ ٢ ضػزةش Thymus vulagaris رأص ٤ ش غزخ ظ ا زضج ٤ ط ٢ ػ ٠ ثؼغ ا ج زش ٣ ب ا عجخ ا غب جخ ظجخ شا. غ خ ا جظشح ؼ ة ا ضساػ ٤ ةخ. ا غ ذ 11 ا ؼذد 1 : AlRawi, A.(1988). Poisonous plants of Iraq. 3rd. edt. Baghdad. 37. WHO (World Health Organization). (1999). Monographs on Selected Medicial Plants. 1ST volume., WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data : 89 pp. 38. Korikanthimath, V. S. (1). Cardamom (small) : in Peter, K. V. (1). Handbook of Herbs and Spices. 1st volume., Woodhead Publishing Ltd : 36 pp. 39. ا ائ ٢ ذ ٣ ائ )6(. رأص ٤ ش ا ض ٣ ذ ا ط ٤ بس وش س ا ظلشاء ض بس ا ش ٣ ت كش د Citrus paradisi أ سام ؽش ٤ شخ ا ٤ Cymbopogon citratus ك ٢ ا لطش Aspergillus flavus ا زبع الكالر غ ٤ B. 1 سعب خ بعغز ٤ ش ٤ خ ا زشث ٤ خ اث ا ٤ ض عب ؼخ ثذاد. 13

أ.و.د. اخر هاشى كاظى و ب ذاء يهذي ػباس خايؼت كزبالء / قسى ػهىو انس اة / كه ت انؼهىو ӿ ا جؾش غز سعب خ بعغز ١ ش جبؽش ا ضب

أ.و.د. اخر هاشى كاظى و ب ذاء يهذي ػباس خايؼت كزبالء / قسى ػهىو انس اة / كه ت انؼهىو ӿ ا جؾش غز سعب خ بعغز ١ ش جبؽش ا ضب / ػه / 216 Optimization of condiction for Exopolysaccharid(EPS) production from Lactobacillus Plantarum localy isolated تسذ ذ انظزوف ان ثهى أل تاج يتؼذد انسكز اث انخارج خهىي Exopolysaccharid EPS) ( ي بكتز

More information

Sudan Medical Journal ا غ ا طج ٤ ا غ دا ٤

Sudan Medical Journal ا غ ا طج ٤ ا غ دا ٤ :182-193 Sudan Medical Journal ا غ ا طج ٤ ا غ دا ٤ Evaluation of nutritional status of preschool Sudanese children in Wad Medani great locality, Gezira State, Sudan Sitana E Abdelrahman, PhD *, Ali O Ali,

More information

PHYSIOLOGY & REPRODUCTION

PHYSIOLOGY & REPRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY & REPRODUCTION RECOVERY AND FERTLIZATION RATES OF GOAT SPERMATOZOA AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EGG YOLK, DILUTION RATES, FREEZING METHOD AND MONTHS OF THE YEAR Ashmawy, T. A. M. * ; Sallam,

More information

WRITTEN BY: Nisreen & Marwa

WRITTEN BY: Nisreen & Marwa NOTE 22 WRITTEN BY: Nisreen & Marwa The lymphatic system plays a key role in controlling interstitial fluid protein concentration, volume, and pressure: It is already clear that the lymphatic system functions

More information

Sudan Medical Journal

Sudan Medical Journal :216-225 Sudan Medical Journal ا غ ا طج ٤ ا غ دا ٤ Pattern, management and outcome of diabetic foot in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital from January to December 2016 Mohamed SM SaadEldein, MD, Ahmad A Alshaikh,

More information

Ketamine analgesia before spinal anesthesia for fractured femur

Ketamine analgesia before spinal anesthesia for fractured femur analgesia before spinal anesthesia for fractured femur Amal A Mohammed, MD *, Mayada M Ali, MD ** Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alzaiem Alazhari, Sudan *, Anaesthesiologist

More information

Harmful. Contaminated food. Microorganisms causing disease. Skills you will learn: o Using the microscope. o Growing bacteria. o Observing.

Harmful. Contaminated food. Microorganisms causing disease. Skills you will learn: o Using the microscope. o Growing bacteria. o Observing. Harmful Contaminated food Microorganisms causing disease Skills you will learn: o Using the microscope. o Growing bacteria o Observing. By the end of this unit you should: Know that, if left unprotected

More information

ا االصسق: ا ى بد ا فزبؽ ١ خ ثب ظ ا زظ ١ ا ش بد : زغش ٠ غ إ ٠ غبد ا ٦ عبثخ ٥ عئ خ ا فبد ا أخزد ب ا ض ا ششػ ض ا ؾز : Susan MIKAN & ا ششػ : ا جش ٠ ئخ 2

ا االصسق: ا ى بد ا فزبؽ ١ خ ثب ظ ا زظ ١ ا ش بد : زغش ٠ غ إ ٠ غبد ا ٦ عبثخ ٥ عئ خ ا فبد ا أخزد ب ا ض ا ششػ ض ا ؾز : Susan MIKAN & ا ششػ : ا جش ٠ ئخ 2 ا االصسق: ا ى بد ا فزبؽ ١ خ ثب ظ ا زظ ١ ا ش بد : زغش ٠ غ إ ٠ غبد ا ٦ عبثخ ٥ عئ خ ا فبد ا أخزد ب ا ض ا ششػ ض ا ؾز : Susan MIKAN & ا ششػ : ا جش ٠ ئخ 2 غ إػبفخ ششػ ؾبػشاد 13-12-11 ثؼغ ا زؼذ ٠ الد وزبثخ ا

More information

Sudan Medical Journal

Sudan Medical Journal Sudan Medical Journal ا غ ا طج ١ ا غ دا ١ :61-66 Original Article Controlling blood loss at open myomectomy by local Ergometrine injection: interventional study Kaima A Frass, MD *, Abdelrahman H Al Harazi,

More information

Master of Science in Medical and Clinical Genetics درجة الماجستير في الوراثة الطبية. Program Guide and Logbook

Master of Science in Medical and Clinical Genetics درجة الماجستير في الوراثة الطبية. Program Guide and Logbook Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Postgraduate Studies Master of Science in Medical and Clinical Genetics درجة الماجستير في الوراثة الطبية اإلكلينيكية و Program Code: Program Guide and Logbook 2

More information

The Dissolving Capability Of Various Gutta-Percha Solvents

The Dissolving Capability Of Various Gutta-Percha Solvents The Dissolving Capability Of Various Gutta-Percha Solvents Farid G. Numan Al-anbar University / College of Dentistry fareedghiab@yahoo.com Abstract: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare and

More information

العدد 402 المجلد الثاني 4002 م 0222 ه. Bullying Behavior for Students at Intermediate Stage

العدد 402 المجلد الثاني 4002 م 0222 ه. Bullying Behavior for Students at Intermediate Stage Bullying Behavior for Students at Intermediate Stage Abstract Search Study aimed to build a measure of behavior Bullying of students at the intermediate stage and measuring the behavior Alastqoaúa their

More information

ROLE OF AUTO - OMENTAL GRAFT ON THE FRACTURE HEALING AFTER PERIOSTEUM DESTRUCTION, RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY. ABSTRACT

ROLE OF AUTO - OMENTAL GRAFT ON THE FRACTURE HEALING AFTER PERIOSTEUM DESTRUCTION, RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY. ABSTRACT ROLE OF AUTO - OMENTAL GRAFT ON THE FRACTURE HEALING AFTER PERIOSTEUM DESTRUCTION, RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY. M.J. Eesa * H.H-U. Mohammed * H.H.Nahi **. * Department of Surgery and Obstetric, College of Veterinary

More information

Oral verrucous carcinoma (Ackerman s tumor) with mandibular bone destruction and palpable lymph nodes

Oral verrucous carcinoma (Ackerman s tumor) with mandibular bone destruction and palpable lymph nodes Oral verrucous carcinoma (Ackerman s tumor) with mandibular bone destruction and palpable lymph nodes Elneel AM Ali, MSc, FSMSB, hor MD *, Amel S Eltayeb,BDS **, Musadak A Karrar, MD ***, Abeer A El-Siddig,MD

More information

Movement. Curriculum Standards: 9.9.1, Objectives: Key Words ا فبط ا ز خ) ا هال خ ) in the human skeleton.

Movement. Curriculum Standards: 9.9.1, Objectives: Key Words ا فبط ا ز خ) ا هال خ ) in the human skeleton. Movement Curriculum Standards: 9.9.1, 9.9.2 Objectives: 1- Describe the structure of a joint and the types of joints in the human skeleton. 2- Describe how contraction and relaxation of muscles enables

More information

Early and late complications of bladder exstrophy surgery at Al- Ribat University Paediaric Surgery Center

Early and late complications of bladder exstrophy surgery at Al- Ribat University Paediaric Surgery Center Early and late complications of bladder exstrophy surgery at Al- Ribat University Paediaric Surgery Center 2006-2012 Islam M Mukhtar, MD, MRCSEd *, Omer Alamin, FRCSI, Altahir Bagadi, MD **, Tarig Hassan

More information

دراسة بعض الحغ رات الفسلج ة والك موح و ة المرافقة لمرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن جحث الذ لزة الذمو ة ف محافظة النجف األشرف.

دراسة بعض الحغ رات الفسلج ة والك موح و ة المرافقة لمرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن جحث الذ لزة الذمو ة ف محافظة النجف األشرف. دراسة بعض الحغ رات الفسلج ة والك موح و ة المرافقة لمرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن جحث الذ لزة الذمو ة ف محافظة النجف األشرف. ع عجذ ا ض شح ذ ا ذخ ١ و ١ خ ا ع \خب عخ ا ى فخ أ..د أسشذ س و ١ خ ا ز ش ٠ غ\خب عخ ا

More information

ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL EFFECTS OF Ag DOPANT ON ZnO THIN FILM BASED MSM UV PHOTODETECTORS

ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL EFFECTS OF Ag DOPANT ON ZnO THIN FILM BASED MSM UV PHOTODETECTORS Vol. 22, No. 4, July 2018 ISSN 2520-0917 https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.2018.4.10 ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL EFFECTS OF Ag DOPANT ON ZnO THIN FILM BASED MSM UV PHOTODETECTORS Mohammed Wesam Naji 1, *Dr. Ghusoon

More information

Problems of Killed people affer War,their Counselling needs and Counselling Interfere Strategy

Problems of Killed people affer War,their Counselling needs and Counselling Interfere Strategy Problems of Killed people affer War,their Counselling needs and Counselling Interfere Strategy ABSTRACT Children and adolescents of the Killed and lost people are faced with many difficulties and problems

More information

All right are reserved to the Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sience CONTENTS

All right are reserved to the Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sience CONTENTS All right are reserved to the Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sience COTETS ARTICLES Page A Study on the Stability of Different Frusemide Liquid Dosage Formulas: 1 Oral Solution, Syrup, Elixir, Suspension

More information

Sudan Medical Journal

Sudan Medical Journal Sudan Medical Journal ا غ ا طج ٤ ا كا ٤ :162-169 Correlation between ABO blood groups and spontaneous bleeding rates in severe haemophilia-a Sagir G Ahmed, MBBS FWACP *, Modu B Kagu, MBBS FMCPath **, Umma

More information

Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Candida albicans

Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Candida albicans Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Candida albicans Nabil S.B. Al-Habib Nihad A.M. Al-Rashedi Biology Department, College of Science, Al-Muthanna University Abstract The aim of this study is to estimate

More information

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 8 No.2 Scientific عجذ انكش ى عجذ انشضب ث كه خ انضساعخ-جبيعخ ثغذاد/ قسى انثش ح انح ا خ-أث غش ت - انعشاق.

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 8 No.2 Scientific عجذ انكش ى عجذ انشضب ث كه خ انضساعخ-جبيعخ ثغذاد/ قسى انثش ح انح ا خ-أث غش ت - انعشاق. Effect of genetic group and age of bucks on some blood physical and biochemical traits تأثيز المجموعة الوراثية والعمز في بعض صفات الدم الفيزياوية والكيمياحيوية لذكور الماعز عجذ انكش ى عجذ انشضب ث كه خ

More information

The International Journal of Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders A journal with a difference

The International Journal of Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders A journal with a difference CONTENTS اإلفتتاحية 1 اى غيخ اىذ ى خ ىي قب خ ػالط اضطشاة رؼبط اى خذساد غيخ فبسقخ Editorial 1 The International Journal of Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders A journal with a difference

More information

( نإلطالع ). (7) up Facts about the benefits of smoking giving 1-In 20 minutes, blood pressure and pulse rate return to normal.

( نإلطالع ). (7) up Facts about the benefits of smoking giving 1-In 20 minutes, blood pressure and pulse rate return to normal. College of Pharmacy. Fourth Year. Clinical Pharmacy 2016-2017 Smoking and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Tobacco use remains the single largest preventable cause of mortality (2). Cigarette smoke is

More information

Sudan Medical Journal

Sudan Medical Journal :29-32 Sudan Medical Journal ث ؾ ث طذ ١ ث هث ١ Unusual skull metastasis from a follicular thyroid carcinoma: a case report Abdelmoniem MM Makkawi, MD FMAS *, Moataz MA Ali, MD **, Baderaldien H Idris,

More information

HEPATITIS B AND C By Dr. Najib ul Haq

HEPATITIS B AND C By Dr. Najib ul Haq HEPATITIS B AND C By Dr. Najib ul Haq Hepatitis A and E Geographic Distribution of Chronic HBV Infection HBsAg Prevalence 8% - High 2-7% - Intermediate

More information

Postpartum subdural haematoma following spinal anaesthesia

Postpartum subdural haematoma following spinal anaesthesia Postpartum subdural haematoma following spinal anaesthesia Hadab A Mohamed, MD Associate Professor of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan استار يشاسك تقسى انتخذ ش كه ح انطة

More information

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 13 No.3 Scientific. 2015

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 13 No.3 Scientific. 2015 Evaluation of Brain Computerized Tomography Scan in Patients with Acute Ischemic stroke تقييم مشاهدات مفراس الدماغ في حاالت الصدمة الدماغية األحتشائية الحادة. Hayder Kadhum Hassoun, Professor of neurology,

More information

PREPARATION & FORMULATION, OF TWO ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AS A PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND THEIR EVALUATION ON TOMATO.

PREPARATION & FORMULATION, OF TWO ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AS A PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND THEIR EVALUATION ON TOMATO. PREPARATION & FORMULATION, OF TWO ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AS A PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND THEIR EVALUATION ON TOMATO. Mohammad F. M. Al-Dulaymmi Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, University of Anbar,

More information

The association between acne vulgaris and Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha gene promoter polymorphism at position-308

The association between acne vulgaris and Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha gene promoter polymorphism at position-308 JUL The association between acne vulgaris and Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha gene promoter polymorphism at position-308 Hamadi Hadi Abttan Al-Hilali* and Ethar Jassam Swadi Al-Obaidy الخالصة يش ط ي يشظى

More information

PROF. (DR.)SHAMIM AHMAD

PROF. (DR.)SHAMIM AHMAD HONEY: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND SCOPE AS AN ALTERNATE ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY IN MULTI- RESISTANT OCULAR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ESPECIALLY INVOLVING MRSA PROFESSOR OF MICROBIOLOGY DAAD Fellow (W. Germany)

More information

SCIENCE IN THE GLORIOUS QUR AN

SCIENCE IN THE GLORIOUS QUR AN SCIENCE IN THE GLORIOUS QUR AN THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH GROUP OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF SCIENTIFIC SIGNS IN THE QUR AN AND SUNNAH, TAIF BRANCH, SAUDI ARABIA 1 00966597503707 - shohayeb@hotmail.com

More information

د. ضياء جبار. College of Pharmacy

د. ضياء جبار. College of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy د. ضياء جبار Fourth Year. Clinical Pharmacy 2016-2017 Gastrointestinal Conditions 3-Constipation Background 1-Constipation: is a condition characterized by the passage of hard, dry

More information

CV of Professor Gamal Mohamed Rabie Agmy

CV of Professor Gamal Mohamed Rabie Agmy CV of Professor Gamal Mohamed Rabie Agmy Contact informations: Name : Gamal Mohamed Rabie Agmy Ghereyany National number: 26203242401839 Address: 13 Goda El-Asdy, Ferrial sherka, Assiut, Egypt City: Assiut

More information

Evaluation of adherence to medications among hypertensive and diabetic patients in Fadasi ElHalimab Village, Gezira State, Sudan

Evaluation of adherence to medications among hypertensive and diabetic patients in Fadasi ElHalimab Village, Gezira State, Sudan Evaluation of adherence to medications among hypertensive and diabetic patients in Fadasi ElHalimab Village, Gezira State, Sudan Mohamed Dafalla, MBBS, Islam Gasim Abdalla, MBBS Department of Surgery,

More information

Sudan Medical Journal ا ع ا طث ١ ا غ دا ١

Sudan Medical Journal ا ع ا طث ١ ا غ دا ١ :131-136 Sudan Medical Journal ا ع ا طث ١ ا غ دا ١ Prevalence of some transfusion-transmissible infections among first time and repeat voluntary and family replacement donors in North Central Nigeria Olawumi

More information

Diala, Jour, Volume, 29, 2008

Diala, Jour, Volume, 29, 2008 The Role of Spiral CT-Scan in Assessment of Renal Cystic Lesions Eman Ismail Mohammed Assistant lecturer Technical Medical College Dr. Ahmed Kadhim Specialist radiologist Kadhimya Teaching Hospital Omran

More information

أسئلة الدكتور حليمة المحاضرة االولى

أسئلة الدكتور حليمة المحاضرة االولى أسئلة الدكتور حليمة المحاضرة االولى 15) 15. Akkadian was the ancient Semitic language of Assyria which was used by interpreters - a. Around 1900DC - b. Around 1900BC - c. Around 1900DC - d. Around 1900AC

More information

THE ROLE OF PLASMA D DIMER AS PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN CHILDREN WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

THE ROLE OF PLASMA D DIMER AS PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN CHILDREN WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY THE ROLE OF PLASMA D DIMER AS PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN CHILDREN WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Khaled M. Abd El-Twab, Hala M. Foaud*, John R. youssef**, Hala G. Metwally*** * Professor of Pediatrics, Faculty

More information

King Abdulaziz University English Language Institute ELCA 102 BOOKLET 2. External Students Curriculum Support Committee

King Abdulaziz University English Language Institute ELCA 102 BOOKLET 2. External Students Curriculum Support Committee King Abdulaziz University English Language Institute ELCA 102 BOOKLET 2 External Students Curriculum Support Committee Mohamed Ajmi Al Fakeeh Dr. Abdelhamid Zoubir Elies Bendali Mustafa Darbashi Samir

More information

Welcome to the Family: Getting Along with In-Laws and the Extended Family. Marzia Hassan MSW, RSW

Welcome to the Family: Getting Along with In-Laws and the Extended Family. Marzia Hassan MSW, RSW Welcome to the Family: Getting Along with In-Laws and the Extended Family Marzia Hassan MSW, RSW Agenda What causes conflict (survey) Why is it important to get along? 5 Practices Managing daily interactions

More information

Grade 4, Unit P.1, Sound SOUND

Grade 4, Unit P.1, Sound SOUND SOUND 1 By the end of this unit you should: Know that sound is a vibration. Know that sounds can travel through solids, liquids and gases. Know that sound can vary in loudness and in pitch. Know that we

More information

The role of serum anti-mullerian hormone in assessment of ovarian function in infertile women in Kirkuk.

The role of serum anti-mullerian hormone in assessment of ovarian function in infertile women in Kirkuk. The role of serum anti-mullerian hormone in assessment of ovarian function in infertile women in Kirkuk. *Mossa M. Marbut, **Razaw Omer Ibrahim, ***Ayla Khedher Ghalib *,**Department of physiology, College

More information

Bone Mineral Density In Different Stages Of Non Cholestatic Liver Cirrhoses

Bone Mineral Density In Different Stages Of Non Cholestatic Liver Cirrhoses The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine Vol., 17 : 207 216 Dec.2004 I.S.S.N: 12084 1687-2002 Bone Mineral Density In Different Stages Of Non Cholestatic Liver Cirrhoses *Azza Emam., ** Omer Hossian.

More information

Seroepidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis among pre-school children in Najaf Province

Seroepidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis among pre-school children in Najaf Province Seroepidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis among pre-school children in Najaf Province Abstract Jasim Hameed Taher Technical Institute\ Kufa Iraq This study was used to detect anti Toxoplasma gondii

More information

AL-AZHAR ASSIUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

AL-AZHAR ASSIUT MEDICAL JOURNAL DOES SEPTOPLASTY AFFECT THE SIZE OF COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY OF THE INFERIOR TURBINATE IN DEVIATED NASAL SEPTUM? Ahmed Gaber Abdel Raheem 1, Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud Salem 2 and Mohammed Zidan Mohammed 3.

More information

Seasonal pattern, Socio-demographic and health status effects on development of facial palsy in Gaza Strip

Seasonal pattern, Socio-demographic and health status effects on development of facial palsy in Gaza Strip The Islamic University Gaza Research and Postgraduate Affairs Faculty of Science Master of Environmental Science - Environmental Health انجبيؼخ اإلعالي خ غضح شئى انجحش انؼه وانذساعبد انؼه ب كه خ انؼهىو

More information

Comparison of the distances between the maxillary sinus floor and root tips of the upper first and second molar teeth by using oral panoramic images

Comparison of the distances between the maxillary sinus floor and root tips of the upper first and second molar teeth by using oral panoramic images بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم The National Ribat University Faculty of Graduated Studies and Scientific Research Comparison of the distances between the maxillary sinus floor and root tips of the upper first

More information

Fruit: Date Group: Girls Age: Teacher: Sajidah Hameer

Fruit: Date Group: Girls Age: Teacher: Sajidah Hameer Fruit: Date Group: Girls Age: 10 12 Teacher: Sajidah Hameer تمر - Date The Where is the date mentioned in the qu ran? While the date palm tree is called nakhl, the fruit is called tamr in Arabic. The palm

More information

ORIGINAL ARTICLE MAJMAAH J. HEALTH SCIENCES, 2013 Vol. 1, No. 1

ORIGINAL ARTICLE MAJMAAH J. HEALTH SCIENCES, 2013 Vol. 1, No. 1 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PARENTS TOWARDS CHILDHOOD VACCINATION 1* Jamman Al-Zahrani ABSTRACT Background: The prevention and treatment of hypertension are a high priority in medicine Background:

More information

Poisoning in Jordan: analysis of three years data from Jordan National drug and poison information center

Poisoning in Jordan: analysis of three years data from Jordan National drug and poison information center Poisoning in Jordan: analysis of three years data from Jordan National drug and poison information center National Drug and Poison Information Center, Faculty of Medicine and Jordan University Hospital,

More information

Assessment of Depression among Cancer Patients in Babylon City

Assessment of Depression among Cancer Patients in Babylon City Assessment of Depression among Cancer Patients in Babylon City تقييم االكتئبة بيه مرضى السرطبن في مذينة بببل Burhan H. Drub, MScN, Mental Health Nursing AL-Shomly Hospital, Babylon Health Directorate.

More information

Grade 4 Unit - L.4 Healthy Living. Healthy Living

Grade 4 Unit - L.4 Healthy Living. Healthy Living Healthy Living 1 By the end of this unit you should: Know the general effects of alcohol, tobacco and harmful drugs on humans Know that some micro-organisms cause illness. Know that good hygiene is important

More information

Oral Complications associated with Chemotherapy in Children's with Lymphoma

Oral Complications associated with Chemotherapy in Children's with Lymphoma Oral Complications associated with Chemotherapy in Children's with Lymphoma Prof. Dr. Wafaa Mohamed Attoof University of Baghdad - College of Medicine Early Detection Unit of Breast and Cervical Cancer

More information

Sign Standards Manual

Sign Standards Manual Abu Dhabi Emirate Addressing, Geonames and Signage Project Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Core signing elements 2.1 Sign types 2.2 Colour 2.3 Typeface 3.0 Overhead street signs 3.1 Modules 3.2 Layout 3.3

More information

The commonest indications and complications following percutaneous nephrostomy placement at Al-Ribat University Hospital, Khartoum State- Sudan

The commonest indications and complications following percutaneous nephrostomy placement at Al-Ribat University Hospital, Khartoum State- Sudan The commonest indications and complications following percutaneous nephrostomy placement at Al-Ribat University Hospital, Khartoum State- Sudan Hassan M Eltigani, MD *, Tarig Hassan, MD, Amir Abbo, MD,

More information

Chemical Castration of Rabbits Via Intratesticular Injection of Ethanol or Formalin

Chemical Castration of Rabbits Via Intratesticular Injection of Ethanol or Formalin The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine; 35 ( ): 0 5: 0 Chemical Castration of Rabbits Via Intratesticular Injection of Ethanol or Formalin A A Majeed Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of

More information

Chapter 5. The Working Cell. Lecture by Richard L. Myers Translated by: Nabih A. Baeshen

Chapter 5. The Working Cell. Lecture by Richard L. Myers Translated by: Nabih A. Baeshen Chapter 5 The Working Cell PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Richard L. Myers Translated by: Nabih A. Baeshen

More information

TERMINAL ILLNESS, DEATH, DYING, GRIEF, BEREAVEMENT, MOURNING. AP Dr Ramli Musa M.D. (UKM), M.Med(Psych) (UKM)

TERMINAL ILLNESS, DEATH, DYING, GRIEF, BEREAVEMENT, MOURNING. AP Dr Ramli Musa M.D. (UKM), M.Med(Psych) (UKM) TERMINAL ILLNESS, DEATH, DYING, GRIEF, BEREAVEMENT, MOURNING AP Dr Ramli Musa M.D. (UKM), M.Med(Psych) (UKM) ----------------------- ك ل ن ف س ذ آئ ق ة ال م و ت و إ ن م ا ت و ف و ن أ ج ور ك م ي و م ال

More information

Kasper DL, et al. Cecil Essentials of Medicine/7 th edition. W.B.Saunders; 2010

Kasper DL, et al. Cecil Essentials of Medicine/7 th edition. W.B.Saunders; 2010 Kasper DL, et al. Cecil Essentials of Medicine/7 th edition. W.B.Saunders; 2010 Braunwald Eugene, et al. Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine.. McGrawHill; 2012 1. Diseases of Thyroid Gland 2. Diabetes

More information

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 14 No.2 Scientific. 2016

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 14 No.2 Scientific. 2016 In-vitro study the effects of sickle cell disease on phagocytic activity of white blood cells among adult male in Basra city دراست مختبز ه لمعزفت تأث ز فقز الذم المنجلى على فعال ت االلتهام الخلوي لكز اث

More information

Determination of Antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in Some Iraqi individuals by using ELISA technique

Determination of Antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in Some Iraqi individuals by using ELISA technique Vol.8()0 Determination of Antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in Some Iraqi individuals by using ELISA technique Mohammed A. Saleh* Received 6, June, 00 Accepted, January, 0 Abstract: A total

More information

Khalid Fouda Neel FRCSI * Mahmod S Trbay Msc, MRCS. Hamdan Alhazmi SBU, ABU. Abdulmonem Gomha MSc. Ahmad Aldewry Msc, PhD. Amenah Khatab ح ذ رزاث

Khalid Fouda Neel FRCSI * Mahmod S Trbay Msc, MRCS. Hamdan Alhazmi SBU, ABU. Abdulmonem Gomha MSc. Ahmad Aldewry Msc, PhD. Amenah Khatab ح ذ رزاث Uro-nephrological Outcome of Patients with Neural Tube Defects: Would a Spina Bifida Clinic Make a Difference? Khalid Fouda Neel FRCSI * Mahmod S Trbay Msc, MRCS Hamdan Alhazmi SBU, ABU Abdulmonem Gomha

More information

Chapter 23. Circulation. Lecture by Richard L. Myers Translated by Nabih A. Baeshen

Chapter 23. Circulation. Lecture by Richard L. Myers Translated by Nabih A. Baeshen Chapter 23 Circulation PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Richard L. Myers Translated by Nabih A. Baeshen MECHANISMS

More information

Psychosocial Impact of Stigma on Schizophrenic Clients and their Family Members

Psychosocial Impact of Stigma on Schizophrenic Clients and their Family Members An-Najah National University Faculty of Graduate Studies Psychosocial Impact of Stigma on Schizophrenic Clients and their Family Members By Nida Jawabreh Supervised by Dr. Adnan Sarhan This Thesis is Submitted

More information

10 Foods to Eat Every Day for Perfect Skin

10 Foods to Eat Every Day for Perfect Skin 10 Foods to Eat Every Day for Perfect Skin Are you tired of using different expensive and ineffective beauty products? It s time to throw away all those ineffective products and start eating foods for

More information

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 13 No.4 Scientific. 2015

Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 13 No.4 Scientific. 2015 Comparison of Transverse Strength for different types of acrylic resin denture base materials after relining with visible light-cured material مقاروت بيه قوةعرضيت ألوواع مختلفت مه المواد األساسيت لطقم

More information

PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN DIFFERENT ORGANS AFTER CHRONIC XYLENE AND UVB EXPOSURE IN MICE

PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN DIFFERENT ORGANS AFTER CHRONIC XYLENE AND UVB EXPOSURE IN MICE Assiut University web-site: www.aun.edu.eg PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN DIFFERENT ORGANS AFTER CHRONIC XYLENE AND UVB EXPOSURE IN MICE AHMAD H. MEHDI 1 ; SNUR MA HASSAN 2 ; AZAD K SAEED 2 and IMAN Y. MOHAMMED

More information

بررسی توالیی ن M2 بهمنظار تعاان مقیومت به آ لمینتی نویسندگان: حوریه صادری فریدا بهزادیان الهام مؤثر پرویز اولیاء

بررسی توالیی ن M2 بهمنظار تعاان مقیومت به آ لمینتی نویسندگان: حوریه صادری فریدا بهزادیان الهام مؤثر پرویز اولیاء بررسی توالیی ن ویورو هوی آنفواننال دانشور پزشكي دوماهنامه علمي-پژوهشي دانشگاه شاهد سال بیستوچهارم-شماره 031 شهریور 0331 دریافت: 6031/30/30 آخزین اصالحها: 6031/30/62 پذیزش: 6031/30/40 جدلشوودا لب باروویرل

More information

Preparation and evaluation of multivalent infectious bronchitis vaccine from commercial vaccine strains

Preparation and evaluation of multivalent infectious bronchitis vaccine from commercial vaccine strains Preparation and evaluation of multivalent infectious bronchitis vaccine from commercial vaccine strains Hassan. Hammadi bdul meer H. Zahid Coll. of Vet. Med./ Univ. of L-Qadisiyia Coll. of Vet. Med./ Univ.

More information

ان خبئش: ا خبئش انبغذ صذث األعشاع انف ت ان ت نذ يشػ انخ بة ان فبطم انش يبح ذ أ انشر كب ج صفبف انفى اخخالل ان فظم انفك انظذغ انخ بة انشفت انضا انخقشط ا

ان خبئش: ا خبئش انبغذ صذث األعشاع انف ت ان ت نذ يشػ انخ بة ان فبطم انش يبح ذ أ انشر كب ج صفبف انفى اخخالل ان فظم انفك انظذغ انخ بة انشفت انضا انخقشط ا Oral Findings in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients B.D.S., M.Sc. * *M.Sc. Oral Medicine. Assistant Lecturer. Department of Oral Diagnosis. College of Dentistry University of Karbala. Abstract B ackground:

More information

ا : حمو ت ىذ: رشت حتصييي: ػ ا پايا ا : Molecular and Immunological Studies on "Fully Treated" Long-Term Leprosy Patients.

ا : حمو ت ىذ: رشت حتصييي: ػ ا پايا ا : Molecular and Immunological Studies on Fully Treated Long-Term Leprosy Patients. ا خا ادگي: ا : حمو ت ىذ: طاه ت ىذ: مشار ش اط ا حمو صذ ر : آخزي ذرك حتصييي حمو اخذ : (PhD) رشت حتصييي: ػ ا پايا ا : Molecular and Immunological Studies on "Fully Treated" Long-Term Leprosy Patients. حمو

More information

Seroprevalence of Syphilis Infections among Male Blood Donors at Thi-Qar Province

Seroprevalence of Syphilis Infections among Male Blood Donors at Thi-Qar Province Seroprevalence of Syphilis Infections among Male Blood Donors at Thi-Qar Province Bushra J. Al-Badry Sciences College, Thi-Qar University Abstract The present study was carried out from 2010 to 2012 to

More information

Shaza Omer MustafaAl kandow B.Sc.- (1996) Omdurman Islamic University M.Sc.- (2004) Nile Valley University

Shaza Omer MustafaAl kandow B.Sc.- (1996) Omdurman Islamic University M.Sc.- (2004) Nile Valley University Biochemical and Haematological Changes in Sudanese patients with Malaria with Reference to Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein2 Gene Allelic Diversity By Shaza Omer MustafaAl kandow B.Sc.-

More information

Mass Detection in Mammograms Using Fractal Analysis

Mass Detection in Mammograms Using Fractal Analysis Al- Mustansiriya J. Sci Vol. 22, No 3, 2011 Mass Detection in Mammograms Using Fractal Analysis Kamal H. Sager Computer Science Dept., College of Science, University of AL-Mustansiriyah drkamal74@aol.com

More information

THE PROKINETIC EFFECT OF ITOPRIDE, A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH METOCLOPRAMIDE

THE PROKINETIC EFFECT OF ITOPRIDE, A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH METOCLOPRAMIDE 18 Az. J. Pharm Sci. Vol. 51, March, 2015. THE PROKINETIC EFFECT OF ITOPRIDE, A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH METOCLOPRAMIDE Elsayed M. Kamel, Hassan A.Shabayek., Fatma A. Aly, and Reham I. Elgarhi Department

More information

REDUCTION OF BROILERS INTESTINAL PATHOGENIC MICRO-FLORA UNDER NORMAL OR STRESSED CONDITION

REDUCTION OF BROILERS INTESTINAL PATHOGENIC MICRO-FLORA UNDER NORMAL OR STRESSED CONDITION Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol (30) (I): (249-270) REDUCTION OF BROILERS INTESTINAL PATHOGENIC MICRO-FLORA UNDER NORMAL OR STRESSED CONDITION By A. A. H. Tollba Animal Prod. Inst. Agric. Res.Center, Ministry of

More information

Extraction, Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Phenolic Acids As Antioxidants in Teucrium polium Plant

Extraction, Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Phenolic Acids As Antioxidants in Teucrium polium Plant Extraction, Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Phenolic Acids As Antioxidants in Teucrium polium Plant Muna Mahmoud ; * Salam A. H. AlAmeri ; Sajda Abbas Directorate of researches of chemistry

More information

PERIOPERATIVE INTRAVENOUS SODIUM BICARBONATE TO PREVENT RENAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER OPEN HEART SURGERY

PERIOPERATIVE INTRAVENOUS SODIUM BICARBONATE TO PREVENT RENAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER OPEN HEART SURGERY ERIOERATIVE INTRAVENOUS SODIUM BICARBONATE TO REVENT RENAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER OEN HEART SURGERY Gamal El-Sayed, Khaled El-Sayed, NevenM.Gamil (Anaesthesiology Department Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University)

More information

Thermal Effects of 940 nm Diode Laser on Dental Socket Blood after Teeth Extraction for Diabetic Patients

Thermal Effects of 940 nm Diode Laser on Dental Socket Blood after Teeth Extraction for Diabetic Patients Iraqi J. Laser, Part B, Vol.17, pp.27-33 (2018) Thermal Effects of 940 nm Diode Laser on Dental Socket Blood after Teeth Extraction for Diabetic Patients Noor A. Al-Wardi Mohammed A. Al-Maliky and Ali

More information

Sudan Medical Journal ث ؾ ث طذ ١ ث غ دث ١

Sudan Medical Journal ث ؾ ث طذ ١ ث غ دث ١ :1-7 Sudan Medical Journal ث ؾ ث طذ ١ ث غ دث ١ Failure of response to erythropoietin in end stage renal disease patients undergoing haemodialysis Zenira E Elbasheer, MBBS *, Islam SA Ahmed, MBBS **, Ahmed

More information

Direct detection of Mycoplasma species from male with sterile Pyuria by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Direct detection of Mycoplasma species from male with sterile Pyuria by Polymerase Chain Reaction July Direct detection of Mycoplasma species from male with sterile Pyuria by Polymerase Chain Reaction Ibtisam H. S. Al-Azawi* الخالصة اسزهذفذ انذراسخ رحذ ذ سجخ رىاجذ ثكزز ب ان ب كىثالسيب ف ػ بد انجىل

More information

Eighth Lecture. 8. Digestive system (Cont d)

Eighth Lecture. 8. Digestive system (Cont d) Eighth Lecture 8. Digestive system (Cont d) Summary of previous lectures In the previous lectures we talked about the basic elements of the medical word: word root, combining form, suffix, and prefix.

More information

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم و م ا ق د ر وا ه للا ح هق ق د ر ه و ال ر ض ج م يع ا ق ب ض ت ه ي و م ال ق ي ام ة و ال هسماو ات م ط و هيات ب ي م ين ه س ب حان ه و ت ع ال ى ع هما ي ش ر ك ون Spade-Shaped Gluteal Advanced

More information

Control of oral anticoagulant therapy using EDTA plasma

Control of oral anticoagulant therapy using EDTA plasma Control of oral anticoagulant therapy using EDTA plasma ; Ph D Department of pathology /college of medicine / Karbala University Abstract B ackground: Prothrombin time test is traditionally used to monitor

More information

Studying the Noise Levels at an Electrical Power Station

Studying the Noise Levels at an Electrical Power Station www.jeasd.org Vol. 22, No.03, May 2018 ISSN 2520-0917 Studying the Noise Levels at an Electrical Power Station *Dr. Ibtihaj Abdulwahhab Abdulrazzak 1, Dr. Ali Abdulwahhab Abdulrazzaq 2 1) Lecturer, College

More information

غرح دال علوي Curricoulum vitae

غرح دال علوي Curricoulum vitae غرح دال علوي Curricoulum vitae ام ام خا ادگي ج ا ػير ت کلي زاد تازيخ ت لذ 5431/6/51 ضعيت غغلي: drtavakolizadehj@yahoo.com ضعيت آه زغی الف- هذارک دا ػگا ي BS MS PhD -5 ب- کارگا ا د ر اي آه زغي پژ ػی -2-4

More information

The National Ribat University. Faculty of Graduate Studies. And Scientific Research

The National Ribat University. Faculty of Graduate Studies. And Scientific Research The National Ribat University Faculty of Graduate Studies And Scientific Research Impact of food donation on the nutritional status among children (7 10 years old) in Mornie camp, West Darfur State A Thesis

More information

Dr. Mamoun Al Qedrra. Dr. Mohammed Arafa. Eng. Husam Wadi

Dr. Mamoun Al Qedrra. Dr. Mohammed Arafa. Eng. Husam Wadi Paper title: Establishing A forensic Framework for Buildings in Gaza Strip: Reinforced Concrete Structures as a case study By Dr. Mamoun Al Qedrra Dr. Mohammed Arafa Eng. Husam Wadi ABSTRACT This study

More information

IMMUNOHISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BOVINE BILE SALT AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION IN RABBITS

IMMUNOHISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BOVINE BILE SALT AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION IN RABBITS IMMUNOHISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BOVINE BILE SALT AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION IN RABBITS Hawraa M. Murad*, Ahlam J.H.AL-Khamas, Suhad J., Rawaa S.A.AL-Azawi College of Veterinary Medicine

More information

THE EFFECT OF ADENOID HYPERTROPHY ON INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT AT PRESCHOOL AGE

THE EFFECT OF ADENOID HYPERTROPHY ON INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT AT PRESCHOOL AGE AL-AZHAR ASSIUT MEDICAL JOURNAL ORIGINAL ARTICLE THE EFFECT OF ADENOID HYPERTROPHY ON INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT AT PRESCHOOL AGE Magda Abd-Allatif *, Hoda Ibrahim * Soad Yehia *, Seham Abd- Elwahab * and Khadega

More information

Name: Year 2017/2018

Name: Year 2017/2018 Name: Year 2017/2018 1 civil engineer Key Vocabulary وفذ delegation يه ذط يذ grandchildren أؽفبد operation ػ ه خ عشاؽ خ qualify زأهم surgeon طج ت عشاػ qualifications يؤهالد adapt to زك ف يغ heart transplant

More information

ر"ز أث ا ؤرات ا زان. Life Science Journal 2012;9(4)

رز أث ا ؤرات ا زان. Life Science Journal 2012;9(4) م ١ ٢ ٣ أم ا ث أو ا درا % ا $ر أم ا ث د. رد او 'ر& ا ث ٢٠١١ م (ظت ٢٠١٢ د. '&ء ادن او د. * د ارا' European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.63 No.1 (2011), pp. 122-133 http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/70240572/sociomedical-problem-habituation-khat-chewing-jazan-regionsouthern-saudi-arabia

More information

آ تی یغتبيی ب آ تی عش ت ی ب آنکبن ئیذ بی اسگ ت دکتش يذسط

آ تی یغتبيی ب آ تی عش ت ی ب آنکبن ئیذ بی اسگ ت دکتش يذسط آ تی یغتبيی ب آ تی عش ت ی ب آنکبن ئیذ بی اسگ ت دکتش يذسط ات ک ئیذ ب یغتبيی يبعت عم ب ثبص فیم ب يحم يبعت عم ب س تشا غ یت س رخیش آصاد عبصی یغتبيی انف: ای ن ژیکی یبص ث Ca ا شژی حغبعیت عشیغ ة : ؽی یبیی يکب

More information

College of Veterinary Medicine,University of Al-Qadisiya, Al-Qadisiya,Iraq. (Received 7 May 2012,Accepted 9 September 2012) ABSTRACT

College of Veterinary Medicine,University of Al-Qadisiya, Al-Qadisiya,Iraq. (Received 7 May 2012,Accepted 9 September 2012) ABSTRACT STUDY OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM, VITIS VINIFERA, AND ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ON THE GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM MILK OF COWS INFECTED WITH CLINICAL

More information

FIQH of WORSHIP SERIES

FIQH of WORSHIP SERIES FIQH of WORSHIP SERIES HAMOOD ALEEM FIQ110 - Fiqh of Purification (Tahārah) An online course by Rayyan Institute Part of the Rayyan Institute curriculum GHUSL FIQ110 FIQH OF WORSHIP I (PURIFICATION) GHUSL

More information

3 Egypt. J. Rad. Sci. Applic., Vol. 25, No. 1-2, pp (2012)

3 Egypt. J. Rad. Sci. Applic., Vol. 25, No. 1-2, pp (2012) 3 Egypt. J. Rad. Sci. Applic., Vol. 25, No. 1-2, pp. 29-42 (2012) Effects of Junk Foods on Brain Neurotransmitters (Dopamine and Serotonin) and some Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats H. A. Abd Elmonem

More information

The antibacterial & antibiofilm activity of Punica granatum peel aqueous extract against some oral pathogen

The antibacterial & antibiofilm activity of Punica granatum peel aqueous extract against some oral pathogen Print ISSN: 207-8854 & Online ISSN: 211-6544 The antibacterial & antibiofilm activity of Punica granatum peel aqueous extract against some oral pathogen Dr.wafaa S. Al-wazni * Send Al-dwri **Dr. Mayyada

More information

TOXICOLOGICAL AND SOME REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF COCONUT ON MALE ALBINO MICE

TOXICOLOGICAL AND SOME REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF COCONUT ON MALE ALBINO MICE TOXICOLOGICAL AND SOME REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF COCONUT ON MALE ALBINO MICE Ala Al-Deen Hassan Jawad, Maissam Hassan Ali Department of Physiology - College of Veterinary

More information